Uncategorized
Put Securities On-Chain!

This week, in a Washington Post op-ed, Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev called for a new approach to capital markets in the United States. He suggested a number of policies – modernizing accredited investor standards is an old favorite among finance wonks – but one stood out. “[T]here needs to exist a security token registration regime, allowing companies to create token offerings that are open to U.S. investors.” Here, Tenev seizes upon the skeleton key to unlock cryptocurrency’s full potential.
Here’s how securities markets work in the United States. By default, companies aren’t really allowed to sell equity at all. The Securities Act of 1933 defines securities and prescribes conditions – and penalties – for selling them. If a company wants to raise money, it hires a lawyer like me and either registers or finds an exemption like Regulation D (Reg D).
Most choose an exemption and go private. And as Tenev points out, many of those choose to stay that way – OpenAI, SpaceX or Stripe. But exempt securities do not trade easily. They’re generally encumbered by contractual and regulatory restrictions that make them illiquid. For the richest few companies, this might be fine – or even the point. But not for most. Without liquid secondary markets, investors can only realize profit through dividends. And where investors cannot realize gains, primary markets run correspondingly dry.
Registered securities, on the other hand, are highly liquid on the secondary market. This means that investors typically jump to participate in an initial public offering. But this process is also restricted to the richest companies by its massive price tag. PwC estimates that even relatively small initial public offerings cost millions of dollars, along with millions more in annual legal fees and compliance. This is still before considering the onerous transparency and forfeiture of control that come with registration. For these reasons now even top firms “avoid going public,” Tenev says.
It’s no secret this is a problem. Washington D.C. recently tried to address it by creating Regulation Crowdfunding (Reg CF) in the 2012 JOBS Act. The idea was to make exempt securities more accessible to small and medium businesses (SMBs), but they just couldn’t help themselves. Familiar restrictions on secondary liquidity hamstring the program. Combined with still-significant compliance costs, the result will never be a meaningful segment of U.S. capital markets.
Instead, the solution came from outside. Ethereum developers introduced the ERC-20 standard in 2015, allowing anyone to create an arbitrary number of tokens and sell them into instant liquidity. Project founders could restrict resale as they chose. But, in practice, the best projects developed deep, efficient markets quickly. These fungible tokens took various names and functions, but practically, for a time, they were the internet’s capital market.
On top of secure, trustless blockchain technology, the crucial breakthrough was just letting people buy and sell tokens freely. It turns out this is a product people really want, and initial coin offerings grew 100X between Q1 and Q4 of 2017.
This halcyon moment couldn’t last – wholly unregulated markets were a sink for scams, and the subsequent SEC campaign to end cryptocurrency fundraising is well documented. These days, it is extremely difficult to make a legal primary token sale in the U.S. Projects are left to give tokens away for free. Even then, a single successful Hyperliquid airdrop created more value in a day than all Reg CF offerings from 2021 to 2023 combined.
Rather than gesture to the past, though, Tenev emphasizes the future:
“Tokenizing private-company stock would enable retail investors to invest in leading companies early in their life cycles…enabling them to draw additional capital by tapping into a global crypto retail market… [It] would [ ] provide an alternative path to the traditional IPO[.]”
He calls this “tokenized real-world assets.” I call it a regulatory third way. Sitting between exempt securities and public offerings, the SEC should promulgate rules that allow projects to sell securities in the form of cryptocurrency tokens with limited compliance and disclosures – combining the relative simplicity of a private placement with the secondary liquidity of a public offering.
We already know the first-order effects of such a system. In 2017 and 2018 more than 2,000 projects sold tokens to raise over $13 billion. As Tenev points out, “the risks are highest where the opportunity for upside is greatest” and many of those early crypto companies failed. Many survived, though, and are still building today. Early investors grew rich, and their leaders remain faces of the industry.
The second-order effects are where the real value accrues. Compared to any traditional securities offering, cryptocurrency token launches are trivially cheap. By some estimates, there is as much as a trillion dollars of potential SMB capital demand in the United States. This suggests vast potential for on-chain fundraising. Nobody knows what access to this capital would mean – some would no-doubt be vaporized – but there is real potential that underserved markets experience asymmetric growth.
Of course, there are risks beyond lost investments, too. A liberalized cryptocurrency regime might displace some or all of the current public securities regime. This would, in effect, radically decrease the compliance and disclosure requirements for public companies, possibly undermining market efficiency and increasing deceit.
But why anchor to the status quo? A third-way regime can require disclosures without being as onerous as public registration. Consumer protection need not arise from laws that were written before running water was ubiquitous – much less cryptographically secure blockchain networks.
It’s not obvious that public securities would vanish anyway. The relative cost of compliance diminishes at scale. For mature companies, investors will probably demand traditional disclosures and be willing to pay a corresponding premium in exchange. If they don’t, maybe these laws’ time has come.
It’s hard to imagine anyone arriving at the contemporary regime from first principles. The president can launch a memecoin, but tokens tethered to business fundamentals are prima facie illegal. So, here I second what Tenev says, “It’s time to update our conversation about crypto from bitcoin and memecoins to what blockchain is really making possible.” Let’s put securities on-chain.
Uncategorized
Riot Platforms Hits Post-Halving Bitcoin Production High as It Expands AI Capacity

Riot Platforms (RIOT) reported strong operational performance in March 2025, highlighted by continued expansion into the artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC) sector.
The company’s bitcoin (BTC) production last month rose to 533 BTC, the most since the reward halving almost a year ago. The figure represents a month-on-month increase of 13% and 25% more than a year before. Bitcoin holdings grew to 19,223 BTC.
Riot said it plans to «aggressively pursue» development of its Corsicana facility to capitalize on rising demand for compute infrastructure used in AI and HPC.
A recently completed feasibility study by industry consultant Altman Solon confirmed the significant potential of the site to support up to 600 megawatts of additional capacity for AI/HPC applications. Key advantages include 1.0 gigawatt of secured power, 400 MW of which is already operational, 265 acres of land with substantial development potential and close proximity to Dallas — a major hub for AI and cloud computing.
The study noted the site’s ability to support both inference and cloud-based workloads, strengthening its appeal to AI/HPC tenants.
Riot maintained a steady deployed hash rate of 33.7 EH/s, while its average operating hash rate grew 3% month-over-month to 30.3 EH/s—representing a 254% increase year-over-year. Although power credits declined due to seasonal factors, Riot kept its all-in power cost low at 3.8 cents per kWh, and improved fleet efficiency to 21.0 J/TH, a 22% improvement from the previous year.
Riot’s shares fell 5.5% Friday, while the Nasdaq 100 index dropped 2.8%. They have lost 35% year-to-date.
Disclaimer: This article was generated with AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy. This article may include information from external sources, which are listed below when applicable.
Uncategorized
A Blueprint for Digital Assets in America

In 2008, an anonymous person or group of people known only as “Satoshi Nakamoto” released a now-seminal document, the Bitcoin White paper, introducing a peer-to-peer system for value of exchange without intermediaries.
With this revolutionary concept, the idea of a “digital asset” was born. Soon after, developers and entrepreneurs expanded on this concept, developing systems where value was exchanged not just for its own sake, but for services and digital products.
Over the past decade, innovators have built permissionless, decentralized networks for computing services, file storage, asset exchange, cellular coverage, Wi-Fi connectivity, mapping tools, lending services, and more. Because digital assets can be used for services that anyone can offer and anyone can access, the use-cases – both financial and non-financial – are potentially endless.
Despite this promise, these networks have courted criticism. The Biden-Harris Administration attempted to block this innovative advance through a relentless campaign of lawsuits and enforcement actions without providing the regulatory clarity the digital asset ecosystem and its innovators and users so desperately needed.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) failed to clarify how existing securities laws apply and — more importantly — don’t apply to digital asset transactions. This lack of regulatory clarity stifled the digital asset ecosystem, pushing growth out of the United States to jurisdictions that have established clear rules of the road.
To address these failures, Congress began exploring ways to modernize the regulatory structure to accommodate the unique characteristics of digital assets and how they could be used in our financial system. These efforts culminated in a series of bills aimed at clarifying how digital assets could be used in the financial system, ensuring investor protection and fostering innovation.
In the 118th Congress, the House Committees on Financial Services and Agriculture launched a historic joint effort to address digital asset regulation. This led to the first-ever passage of bipartisan digital asset market structure legislation in a chamber of Congress. This collaboration enabled Congress to address longstanding challenges in the ecosystem and lay the foundation for a fit for purpose framework under the leadership of President Trump.
This Congress, both the House and Senate are committed to creating a clear path forward for the digital asset ecosystem. As we move ahead, it is crucial that the framework is both balanced and iron-clad for the future. To accomplish this, we have set out principles for digital asset legislation.
Six principles
First, legislation must promote innovation. We seek to protect opportunities for innovators to create and utilize digital assets, while ensuring users can lawfully transact with one another.
Second, legislation must provide clarity for the classification of assets. Users of digital assets should clearly understand the nature of their holdings, including whether they qualify as securities or non-securities.
Third, legislation must codify a framework for the issuance of new digital assets. The framework should permit issuers to raise capital through the sale of new digital assets under the jurisdiction of the SEC. It should protect retail investors and require developers to disclose relevant information to help users understand the unique characteristics of digital asset networks.
Fourth, the legislation must establish the regulation of spot market exchanges and intermediaries. Centralized, custodial exchanges and intermediaries facilitating transactions with non-security digital assets should adhere to similar requirements as other financial firms.
Congress should provide the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) with the authority to impose requirements over these entities necessary to protect customers, limit conflicts of interest, ensure appropriate execution of customer orders, and provide disclosures.
Fifth, the legislation must establish best practices for the protection of customer assets. Entities registered with the SEC or CFTC should be required to segregate customer funds and hold them with qualified custodians. Customer funds should also be protected during bankruptcy.
Sixth, and finally, the legislation must protect innovative decentralized projects and activities. Congress should ensure that decentralized protocols, which pose different risks and benefits, are not subject to regulations designed for centralized, custodial firms. In safeguarding decentralized activities, Congress must also protect an individual’s right to self-custody their digital assets.
We look forward to both Committees continuing our legislative work together to fulfill President Trump’s request to make America the “crypto capital of the planet.” In May, our Committees will host our second joint hearing to discuss digital asset market structure legislation.
Our goal is to bring much-needed regulatory clarity to this rapidly evolving industry, ensuring that America continues to lead in shaping the future of digital finance.
Uncategorized
OKX Fined $1.2M by Malta for Breaching Money Laundering Rules

OKX’s Europe company—also known as OKCoin Europe, a subsidiary of crypto exchange OKX—was fined 1.05 million euros ($1.2 million) by Malta’s financial watchdog on Thursday for breaching the country’s money laundering rules.
The Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit (FIAU) said the company failed to assess the money laundering and financing of terrorism risks emanating from the products it offers and had violated parts of the country’s Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Regulations.
«Regulatory compliance is a top priority for OKX, and we remain committed to meeting and exceeding global regulatory standards,» OKX said in a statement.
The company also said it had addressed gaps identified in its compliance framework following the authority’s 2023 review. In the new notice, FIAU also commended the company on making significant improvements over the past 18 months.
OKX secured the coveted Markets in Crypto Assets license (MiCA) from Malta earlier this year, which will enable it to offer crypto services across the European Union.
«The company was expected to assess the nature of risks prevalent in the services it was offering,» the authority said in its notice.
FIAU said the exchange should assess risks tied to the use of stablecoins, mixers that obscure the origins of transactions, privacy coins, tokens designed for anonymity, and tokens on decentralized exchanges.
OKX recently temporarily suspended its decentralized exchange aggregator following reports that European regulators had been looking at how it had been used to launder funds from a recent hack of the Bybit exchange.
Bloomberg first reported the story.
-
Fashion6 месяцев ago
These \’90s fashion trends are making a comeback in 2017
-
Entertainment6 месяцев ago
The final 6 \’Game of Thrones\’ episodes might feel like a full season
-
Fashion6 месяцев ago
According to Dior Couture, this taboo fashion accessory is back
-
Entertainment6 месяцев ago
The old and New Edition cast comes together to perform
-
Sports6 месяцев ago
Phillies\’ Aaron Altherr makes mind-boggling barehanded play
-
Entertainment6 месяцев ago
Disney\’s live-action Aladdin finally finds its stars
-
Business6 месяцев ago
Uber and Lyft are finally available in all of New York State
-
Sports6 месяцев ago
Steph Curry finally got the contract he deserves from the Warriors
Binance账户
2 марта, 2025 at 10:49 дп
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks! https://accounts.binance.com/en-IN/register-person?ref=UM6SMJM3