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Wyoming’s Future as a Blockchain Leader Hangs in the Balance Without Fair Procurement Processes

Over the past few years, Wyoming, a landlocked state in the U.S. Mountain West, has embarked on a journey to become a blockchain pioneer.
With a bold vision of creating an attractive cryptocurrency and blockchain ecosystem, the state’s crypto-friendly laws have positioned Wyoming as the most welcoming state in the U.S. for blockchain companies and innovators. With the pro-crypto stance of the Trump administration, the state has solidified its status as a model for how jurisdictions can build their economies.
Wyoming’s aim to be a beacon of crypto innovation is one reason I chose to make it my home. My family lives in Gillette, and Wyoming has become the center of my work life. I love this place, from my thriving bison ranch in Wheatland to our family’s state-of-the-art healthcare clinic in Gillette, alongside hundreds of employees.
While my commitment to Wyoming runs deep, I am now concerned about the direction the state is taking. Recent events surrounding the state-backed stablecoin initiative have raised serious questions about transparency and accountability in public procurement processes. If Wyoming wants to lead in blockchain – or any emerging technology – fairness and openness must be at the core of its selection processes. With so much at stake, I am addressing this issue head-on by building a framework that sets a standard for local leadership and serves as a model for pro-crypto policies at the national level.
The Promise of Wyoming’s Stablecoin Initiative
The state-backed stablecoin initiative, announced two years ago, was intended to showcase how blockchain could revolutionize the state’s finances and setting an example for other states and nations to follow. My company, Input Output, the driving force behind blockchain Cardano, was proud to support this effort and actively fostered an open and democratic approach with the Wyoming Stablecoin Commission (WSC) and its Blockchain Selection Working Group (WG), which oversaw the entire RFP process for vendors.
Over 18 months, we worked with both parties, contributing to discussions on compliance, issuance, redemption processes, and technological standards. The goal was clear: to ensure Wyoming’s stablecoin initiative would succeed – not just for the state but as a model for the rest of the world.
Biased Procurement Process
Unfortunately, the stablecoin procurement process did not reflect Wyoming’s principles of openness and innovation. Several aspects, including a lack of transparency, technical requirements that did not align with established frameworks, and blatant bias, undermined the entire procurement effort, resulting in the unfair disqualification of Cardano, XRP, Bitcoin, Hashgraph, Algorand, and ICP.
From the onset, the decision-making process was conducted behind closed doors, with no opportunity for public input. Without outside influence, WSC and the WG essentially developed criteria that favored existing solutions, such as Ethereum or Solana, without considering the merits of newer players on the market.
Considering the above, it was no surprise that the Wyoming Stablecoin Commission always had Ethereum as their number-one choice, rendering the entire procurement process inconsequential. Videos (which you can watch here and here) show Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon and Anthony Apollo, Executive Director at WSC, heavily implying that Ethereum would get priority over other blockchain platforms in the bid.
In a Stable Token Commission meeting, Apollo explicitly stated that his personal preference is Ethereum and Polygon. Meanwhile, State Treasurer Curt Meier has also publicly supported Ethereum. It is worth noting that Apollo is strongly tied to Ethereum as he was the Co-Founder of ConsenSys, the software development firm supporting the growth of the Ethereum ecosystem — a fact that only underscores the inherent bias among the key stakeholders.
Moreover, the technical criteria requirements in the evaluation methodology had no established basis in existing regulatory frameworks and so further hampered Cardano and other blockchain vendors’ efforts to compete for the contract. For example, despite passing four out of five requirements for the Wyoming Stablecoin project, Cardano was disqualified because it failed the asset «freeze and seize» test.
However, neither federal regulations nor Wyoming State law mandates the functionality to «freeze and seize tokens.» Even with that said, Cardano, through its smart contract framework, native token, or even its on-chain functionality, can still do this – a fact WG admitted themselves to in an external email to Cardano – yet still failed to consider.
If, after all of the above, it is still not convincing that WG failed to carry out careful and considered due diligence throughout the selection process, and failed to consider the federal regulatory and technical requirements for stablecoins, then comments from Karen L. Wheeler, Wyoming’s former Deputy Secretary of State, should dispel any doubts:
«For a year, public meeting materials explicitly stated that the RFP process would be open to all. However, what began as a process of transparency and inclusivity took a troubling turn – shifting to a closed-door selection controlled by a subcommittee.
«Instead of fostering fair competition, vendors were arbitrarily chosen based solely on publicly available information with no opportunity to demonstrate their ability to meet key criteria. This not only undermined fairness but also lost a critical opportunity for Wyoming to reinforce its leadership in blockchain innovation.»
The Wyoming Integrity PAC
The entire procurement process left me with a bad taste, and I realized I needed to address these failings in state-sponsored blockchain procurement processes directly. To that end, I have decided to launch the Wyoming Integrity Political Action Committee (PAC) later this year.
This initiative aims to do more than rectify the missteps of the stablecoin project – it’s about building a foundation for ethical governance that secures Wyoming’s bright future as a leader in all emerging technologies, from quantum computing to artificial intelligence.
The Wyoming Integrity PAC is my response to these challenges. This initiative is dedicated to reforming procurement processes in Wyoming to ensure they are transparent, fair, and inclusive by funding candidates that support these goals. The PAC will focus on three key pillars:
1. Transparency: Advocating for open decision-making processes that involve public input and scrutiny.
2. Fairness through open collaboration: Ensuring that all innovators and businesses have an equal opportunity to compete and contribute, regardless of their connections or affiliations
3. Ethical innovation: Establishing Wyoming as a global example of governance that supports technological progress while upholding the highest standards of integrity. These principles are not just ideals; they are necessities. Without them, Wyoming risks losing the trust and investment of the blockchain community and beyond.
Future of Leadership and Trust
The Wyoming Integrity PAC will be focused on addressing past mistakes and shaping a future where Wyoming can excel in blockchain and other emerging technologies. Our goal is to create an environment where great ideas can thrive, innovators feel welcomed, and trust is a cornerstone of governance. On a larger scale, I hope the Wyoming Integrity PAC will set an example for the Trump administration in implementing a fair and thoughtful procurement process for future federal crypto projects.
However, this initiative is about more than just technology; it’s about people. It encompasses the entrepreneurs, developers, and workers who bring innovation to life. It’s also about the residents of Wyoming who deserve to see their state flourish as a leader in the digital economy.
I am committed to this long journey and will not give up. Wyoming’s aspiration to become a central hub for blockchain is worth fighting for, both for the state and the wider industry. We can build a state that promotes fairness, innovation, and opportunity for everyone. Let’s level the playing field, allow the best ideas to emerge, and may the best technology prevail.
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Asia Morning Briefing: Native Markets Wins Right to Issue USDH After Validator Vote

Good Morning, Asia. Here’s what’s making news in the markets:
Welcome to Asia Morning Briefing, a daily summary of top stories during U.S. hours and an overview of market moves and analysis. For a detailed overview of U.S. markets, see CoinDesk’s Crypto Daybook Americas.
Hyperliquid’s validator community has chosen Native Markets to issue USDH, ending a weeklong contest that drew proposals from Paxos, Frax, Sky (ex-MakerDAO), Agora, and others.
Native Markets, co-founded by former Uniswap Labs president MC Lader, researcher Anish Agnihotri, and early Hyperliquid backer Max Fiege, said it will begin rolling out USDH “within days,” according to a post by Fiege on X.
According to onchain trackers, Native Markets’ proposal took approximately 70% of validators’ votes, while Paxos took 20%, and Ethena came in at 3.2%.
The staged launch starts with capped mints and redemptions, followed by a USDH/USDC spot pair before caps are lifted.
USDH is designed to challenge Circle’s USDC, which currently dominates Hyperliquid with nearly $6 billion in deposits, or about 7.5% of its supply. USDC and other stablecoins will remain supported if they meet liquidity and HYPE staking requirements.
Most rival bidders had promised to channel stablecoin yields back to the ecosystem with Paxos via HYPE buybacks, Frax through direct user yield, and Sky with a 4.85% savings rate plus a $25 million “Genesis Star” project.
Native Markets’ pitch instead stressed credibility, trading experience, and validator alignment.
Market Movement
BTC: BTC has recently reclaimed the $115,000 level, helped by inflows into ETFs, easing U.S. inflation data, and growing expectations for interest rate cuts. Also, technical momentum is picking up, though resistance sits around $116,000, according to CoinDesk’s market insights bot.
ETH: ETH is trading above $4600. The price is being buoyed by strong ETF inflows.
Gold: Gold continues to trade near record highs as traders eye dollar weakness on expected Fed rate cuts.
Elsewhere in Crypto:
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BitMEX Co-Founder Arthur Hayes Sees Money Printing Extending Crypto Cycle Well Into 2026

Arthur Hayes believes the current crypto bull market has further to run, supported by global monetary trends he sees as only in their early stages.
Speaking in a recent interview with Kyle Chassé, a longtime bitcoin and Web3 entrepreneur, the BitMEX co-founder and current Maelstrom CIO argued that governments around the world are far from finished with aggressive monetary expansion.
He pointed to U.S. politics in particular, saying that President Donald Trump’s second term has not yet fully unleashed the spending programs that could arrive from mid-2026 onward. Hayes suggested that if expectations for money printing become extreme, he may consider taking partial profits, but for now he sees investors underestimating the scale of liquidity that could flow into equities and crypto.
Hayes tied his outlook to broader geopolitical shifts, including what he described as the erosion of a unipolar world order. In his view, such periods of instability tend to push policymakers toward fiscal stimulus and central bank easing as tools to keep citizens and markets calm.
He also raised the possibility of strains within Europe — even hinting that a French default could destabilize the euro — as another factor likely to accelerate global printing presses. While he acknowledged these policies eventually risk ending badly, he argued that the blow-off top of the cycle is still ahead.
Turning to bitcoin, Hayes pushed back on concerns that the asset has stalled after reaching a record $124,000 in mid-August.
He contrasted its performance with other asset classes, noting that while U.S. stocks are higher in dollar terms, they have not fully recovered relative to gold since the 2008 financial crisis. Hayes pointed out that real estate also lags when measured against gold, and only a handful of U.S. technology giants have consistently outperformed.
When measured against bitcoin, however, he believes all traditional benchmarks appear weak.
Hayes’ message was that bitcoin’s dominance becomes even clearer once assets are viewed through the lens of currency debasement.
For those frustrated that bitcoin is not posting fresh highs every week, Hayes suggested that expectations are misplaced.
In his telling, investors from the traditional world and those in crypto actually share the same premise: governments and central banks will print money whenever growth falters. Hayes says traditional finance tends to express this view by buying bonds on leverage, while crypto investors hold bitcoin as the “faster horse.”
His conclusion is that patience is essential. Hayes argued that the real edge of holding bitcoin comes from years of compounding outperformance rather than short-term speculation.
Coupled with what he sees as an inevitable wave of money creation through the rest of the decade, he believes the present crypto cycle could stretch well into 2026, far from exhausted.
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Bitcoin Bulls Bet on Fed Rate Cuts To Drive Bond Yields Lower, But There’s a Catch

On Sept. 17, the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) is widely expected to cut interest rates by 25 basis points, lowering the benchmark range to 4.00%-4.25%. This move will likely be followed by more easing in the coming months, taking the rates down to around 3% within the next 12 months. The fed funds futures market is discounting a drop in the fed funds rate to less than 3% by the end of 2026.
Bitcoin (BTC) bulls are optimistic that the anticipated easing will push Treasury yields sharply lower, thereby encouraging increased risk-taking across both the economy and financial markets. However, the dynamics are more complex and could lead to outcomes that differ significantly from what is anticipated.
While the expected Fed rate cuts could weigh on the two-year Treasury yield, those at the long end of the curve may remain elevated due to fiscal concerns and sticky inflation.
Debt supply
The U.S. government is expected to increase the issuance of Treasury bills (short-term instruments) and eventually longer-duration Treasury notes to finance the Trump administration’s recently approved package of extended tax cuts and increased defense spending. According to the Congressional Budget Office, these policies are likely to add over $2.4 trillion to primary deficits over ten years, while Increasing debt by nearly $3 trillion, or roughly $5 trillion if made permanent.
The increased supply of debt will likely weigh on bond prices and lift yields. (bond prices and yields move in the opposite direction).
«The U.S. Treasury’s eventual move to issue more notes and bonds will pressure longer-term yields higher,» analysts at T. Rowe Price, a global investment management firm, said in a recent report.
Fiscal concerns have already permeated the longer-duration Treasury notes, where investors are demanding higher yields to lend money to the government for 10 years or more, known as the term premium.
The ongoing steepening of the yield curve – which is reflected in the widening spread between 10- and 2-year yields, as well as 30- and 5-year yields and driven primarily by the relative resilience of long-term rates – also signals increasing concerns about fiscal policy.
Kathy Jones, managing director and chief income strategist at the Schwab Center for Financial Research, voiced a similar opinion this month, noting that «investors are demanding a higher yield for long-term Treasuries to compensate for the risk of inflation and/or depreciation of the dollar as a consequence of high debt levels.»
These concerns could keep long-term bond yields from falling much, Jones added.
Stubborn inflation
Since the Fed began cutting rates last September, the U.S. labor market has shown signs of significant weakening, bolstering expectations for a quicker pace of Fed rate cuts and a decline in Treasury yields. However, inflation has recently edged higher, complicating that outlook.
When the Fed cut rates in September last year, the year-on-year inflation rate was 2.4%. Last month, it stood at 2.9%, the highest since January’s 3% reading. In other words, inflation has regained momentum, weakening the case for faster Fed rate cuts and a drop in Treasury yields.
Easing priced in?
Yields have already come under pressure, likely reflecting the market’s anticipation of Federal Reserve rate cuts.
The 10-year yield slipped to 4% last week, hitting the lowest since April 8, according to data source TradingView. The benchmark yield has dropped over 60 basis points from its May high of 4.62%.
According to Padhraic Garvey, CFA, regional head of research, Americas at ING, the drop to 4% is likely an overshoot to the downside.
«We can see the 10yr Treasury yield targeting still lower as an attack on 4% is successful. But that’s likely an overshoot to the downside. Higher inflation prints in the coming months will likely cause long-end yields some issues, requiring a significant adjustment,» Garvey said in a note to clients last week.
Perhaps rate cuts have been priced in, and yields could bounce back hard following the Sept. 17 move, in a repeat of the 2024 pattern. The dollar index suggests the same, as noted early this week.
Lesson from 2024
The 10-year yield fell by over 100 basis points to 3.60% in roughly five months leading up to the September 2024 rate cut.
The central bank delivered additional rate cuts in November and December. Yet, the 10-year yield bottomed out with the September move and rose to 4.57% by year-end, eventually reaching a high of 4.80% in January of this year.
According to ING, the upswing in yields following the easing was driven by economic resilience, sticky inflation, and fiscal concerns.
As of today, while the economy has weakened, inflation and fiscal concerns have worsened as discussed earlier, which means the 2024 pattern could repeat itself.
What it means for BTC?
While BTC rallied from $70,000 to over $100,000 between October and December 2024 despite rising long-term yields, this surge was primarily fueled by optimism around pro-crypto regulatory policies under President Trump and growing corporate adoption of BTC and other tokens.
However, these supporting narratives have significantly weakened looking back a year later. Consequently, the possibility of a potential hardening of yields in the coming months weighing over bitcoin cannot be dismissed.
Read: Here Are the 3 Things That Could Spoil Bitcoin’s Rally Towards $120K
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