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Tron’s Justin Sun Bailed Out TUSD as Stablecoin’s $456M Reserves Were Stuck in Limbo, Filings Show

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Justin Sun bailed out Techteryx’s TrueUSD stablecoin after nearly half a billion dollars of its reserves were rendered illiquid, people close to the matter confirmed, and the stablecoin issuer said in Hong Kong court documents.

After acquiring TrueUSD from TrueCoin in December 2020, Techteryx appointed First Digital Trust (FDT), a Hong Kong-based fiduciary, to manage its stablecoin reserves.

According to documents prepared by U.S. law firm Cahill Gordon & Reindel, FDT was instructed to invest the reserves in the Aria Commodity Finance Fund (Aria CFF), a Cayman Islands-registered vehicle. However, court filings allege that approximately $456 million was instead improperly diverted into Aria Commodities DMCC, a separate, unauthorized entity based in Dubai.

Court documents identify Matthew Brittain as controlling Aria Commodity Finance Fund (Aria CFF) through Aria Capital Management Ltd and Cecilia Brittain as the sole shareholder of the separately owned Dubai-based entity Aria Commodities DMCC.

However, emails from Aria’s Matthew Brittan are signed with an address in Dubai.

Court documents say that Cecilia is Matthew’s wife.

ARIA DMCC engages in trade finance, asset development, and commodity trading, while ARIA CFF finances commodity traders, including ARIA DMCC and third parties, according to Matthew Brittain, who described the relationship between the two companies in an email to CoinDesk.

Attestations produced by Moore CPA Limited show that FDT managed $501 million of TrueUSD’s reserves by November 2024.

Hong Kong court filings also say Vincent Chok, First Digital’s CEO, allegedly directed around $15.5 million in undisclosed commissions to an entity called «Glass Door» and separately structured approximately $15 million in unauthorized trade finance loans from FDT to Aria DMCC, later retroactively mischaracterizing them as legitimate fund investments in actions plaintiffs describe as fraudulent misrepresentation and misappropriation.

«The remittances to Aria DMCC were blatant misappropriation and money-laundering,» a statement of claim reads. «They were made without the knowledge, authorization or approval of the Plaintiff.»

These statements have not been tried in court as of press time.

Aria DMCC invested funds in global projects that they described as relatively illiquid, such as manufacturing plants, mining operations, maritime vessels, port infrastructure, and renewable energy ventures.

When Techteryx attempted to redeem its investments from Aria CFF between mid-2022 and early 202,3 it received little or no funds back, with Aria entities allegedly defaulting on payments and failing to fulfill redemption requests, the court documents say.

Techteryx then took full operational control of TUSD in July 2023, terminating TrueCoin’s involvement. As part of a transitional period following the December 2020 sale, TrueCoin continued running the day-to-day operations of TUSD.

According to court filings, Sun stepped in around this time to provide emergency liquidity support, which was structured as a loan.

The Techteryx team then quarantined 400 million TUSD so that retail redemptions could continue and token holders wouldn’t be affected, despite the stablecoin issuer’s empty coffers, the court filings said.

First Digital says it followed Techteryx’s instructions

In response to a request for comment from CoinDesk, First Digital’s Chok, categorically denied any wrongdoing or participation in fraudulent schemes.

Chok told CoinDesk that First Digital Trust acted strictly as a fiduciary intermediary, executing transactions precisely according to instructions provided by Techteryx and its representatives. He asserted that his company was not responsible for independently evaluating or advising on these investment decisions.

«It is our understanding that one of the main blockers voiced by ARIA for early redemptions of funds (as requested by Techteryx) has been their AML/KYC concerns regarding the deal between TrueCoin and Techteryx and the true identity of the ultimate beneficial owner of Techteryx,» Chok said in an email to CoinDesk, adding that he believed nobody named in the case considers Aria illiquid.

«We have not yet had the opportunity to fully defend ourselves,» Chok said in an email to CoinDesk. «We are fully committed to clarifying these matters in due course as the legal and arbitration process continues.»

Aria Group’s Matthew Brittain said to CoinDesk that he «completely rejects Techteryx’s claims against ARIA DMCC and any related entities,» adding that «a number of false allegations were made in the court proceedings.»

Techteryx was fully aware of term commitments, Brittain said, and these were outlined in contracts that subscribers have agreed to when investing in ARIA CFF, which are clearly set out in the Offering Memorandum.

Brittain also echoed Chok’s concerns about Techteryx’s beneficial ownership, pointing to Wall Street Journal coverage of the topic.

The Hong Kong writ identifies Li Jinmei as the ultimate beneficial owner of Techteryx. A spokesperson for Techteryx confirmed that this is not the same person as Jennifer Yiyang – the previous ultimate beneficial owner of the company – despite some media reporting to the contrary.

«The subscriber has not resolved these issues,» Brittain continued, referring to the beneficial ownership concerns.

Prime Trust’s collapse and SEC settlement compounds challenges

While this was happening, TUSD’s challenges continued in the form of a collapsing banking partner and regulatory scrutiny in the U.S.

In mid-2023, Prime Trust, an independent crypto custodian based in Nevada that is not connected to this case, but which TrueUSD used for its fiat ramps, was put into receivership by state regulators.

State regulators alleged Prime Trust had improperly used customer funds to cover withdrawal requests, raising serious concerns about its financial stability.

Court filings from Nevada showed that Prime Trust owed around $85 million in fiat obligations with only about $3 million available.

This wasn’t the last headache for the stablecoin issuer.

In September 2024, TrueCoin and TrustToken (the stablecoin’s owners before Techteryx) settled with the SEC over allegations they falsely marketed TrueUSD as fully dollar-backed while secretly investing reserves in risky offshore funds.

Without admitting wrongdoing, or detailing the nature of their offshore investments with Aria’s companies, both TrueCoin and TrustToken agreed to pay civil penalties and disgorge profits to the tune of just over $500,000 to resolve charges of fraud and unregistered securities offerings.

For his part, Aria’s Brittain said that investing in Aria wasn’t the right move to begin with for a stablecoin’s reserves.

«ARIA CFF has never held [its] strategy out as highly liquid, or appropriate for the reserves of a stablecoin,» he said in an email.

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Asia Morning Briefing: Michael Saylor Downplays BTC’s Quantum Threat

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Good Morning, Asia. Here’s what’s making news in the markets:

Welcome to Asia Morning Briefing, a daily summary of top stories during U.S. hours and an overview of market moves and analysis. For a detailed overview of U.S. markets, see CoinDesk’s Crypto Daybook Americas.

BlackRock calls Quantum computers, with their ability to outperform classical binary computers and break traditional encryption, a threat to crypto.

So surely BTC would price this in, as the threat of computers soon being able to break the encryption that enables the scarcity of bitcoin is an existential one.

But on a recent CNBC appearance, Strategy’s Michael Saylor downplayed quantum’s threat to BTC, arguing that the Bitcoin protocol would implement a software upgrade – just like any other tech company – when the threat becomes imminent.

«It’s mainly marketing from people that want to sell you the next quantum yo-yo token,» Saylor said on CNBC. «Google and Microsoft aren’t going to sell you a computer that cracks modern cryptography because it would destroy Google and Microsoft – and the U.S. Government and the banking system.»

Already, there are a number of proposals about how to secure Proof of Work against the quantum threat, including from BTQ, a startup building quantum-proof crypto hardware. One Bitcoin developer has put forward a draft Bitcoin Improvement Protocol that proposes a hard fork which would move everyone’s wallets to quantum-secure addresses.

«Bitcoin is a protocol; the software gets upgraded every year,» Saylor concluded, arguing that the bigger security threat for bitcoin is phishing.

Saylor’s view isn’t a universal one, however. A recent report from Presto Research argued that the crypto industry is «unprepared» for the coming quantum threat.

With BTC above $100K and the market getting ready to challenge another all-time high, traders just don’t seem to be concerned.

(CoinDesk)

As CRCL has a Blockbuster IPO, the True Market Size of Stablecoins Remains a Mystery.

Circle recently had a blockbuster initial public offering, and is set to open the U.S. trading week Monday at over $107 – an impressive rally over its opening price of $69.

The number of stablecoins in circulation – the market cap of the asset category – is a well-known fact. Issuance can be seen on-chain after all, and that number comes in at $254 billion, according to CoinGecko data.

But figuring out the volume of stablecoins used in payments is a little trickier.

In a recent thread on X, Nic Carter, partner at Castle Island Ventures and the cofounder of blockchain data aggregator Coinmetrics, parsed through the available data and found that there’s a huge discrepancy in the numbers.

Estimating the genuine share of stablecoin transactions driven by payments rather than trading is complicated due to challenges like MEV bot interference, duplicative on-chain transactions, and spam activity designed purely to inflate metrics.

Recent analyses illustrate this uncertainty starkly. A top-down heuristic from Visa and Allium estimates stablecoin transaction volumes at roughly $9 trillion annually as of May 2025. However, this figure broadly encompasses trading, DeFi activity, and settlements—not purely payments.

In contrast, more detailed bottom-up analyses offer narrower but clearer insights. Fireblocks, a major custody provider, reported annual verified stablecoin payments of around $232 billion, compared with a significantly larger $2.12 trillion in trading volumes among its clients, suggesting that genuine payment transactions represent about 10% of their total stablecoin activity.

Similarly, a targeted joint study by Artemis and Dragonfly sampled 20 stablecoin-focused payment providers directly.

It calculated a conservative annualized payment volume of approximately $72.3 billion, acknowledging this as a probable undercount given limited sampling.

In comparison to that $72.3 billion figure at the high end, Carter writes, is $232 billion, underscoring the substantial uncertainty around how extensively stablecoins are genuinely used as a payment mechanism.

As for Circle, the stablecoin issuer doesn’t provide a figure in its IPO filing on how much USDC is used for payments, only pointing to general transaction volume.

News Roundup

Coinbase, BiT Global Settle Wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC) Delisting Lawsuit

BiT Global and Coinbase have settled their legal dispute over Coinbase’s delisting of wrapped bitcoin (wBTC), CoinDesk previously reported. According to a joint court filing, BiT Global agreed to dismiss its lawsuit with prejudice—meaning the case cannot be refiled—and each company will cover its own legal costs.

BiT Global initially sued Coinbase last year, claiming the delisting unfairly damaged wBTC’s liquidity and reputation, while favoring Coinbase’s competing token, cbBTC. Coinbase cited concerns over crypto billionaire Justin Sun’s involvement with wBTC, labeling it an «unacceptable risk,» though specific settlement terms beyond the dismissal were not disclosed.

Winklevoss Twins’ Crypto Exchange Gemini Files Confidentially With SEC for IPO

Gemini, the cryptocurrency exchange and custody platform founded by billionaires Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, has confidentially filed paperwork with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to go public, CoinDesk previously reported. The IPO details, including the size and valuation, remain undisclosed, but Gemini has already engaged Goldman Sachs and Citigroup as financial advisors, positioning itself prominently among crypto-native firms entering traditional markets.

This filing follows the successful IPO of stablecoin issuer Circle, whose shares surged dramatically upon debuting on the New York Stock Exchange. Gemini’s planned IPO represents a significant step for crypto companies seeking broader acceptance in mainstream finance, although the timing of the offering will depend on the SEC’s review and market conditions.

Market Movements:

  • BTC: Bitcoin trades flat at $105,600.30 after recovering from an intraday dip, as miners’ recent surge in exchange transfers signals potential volatility ahead.
  • ETH: Ethereum held strong above critical $2,500 support amid volatility, closing bullishly near $2,534, as BlackRock’s ETH ETF nears $5 billion on sustained institutional inflows.
  • Gold: Gold trades slightly lower at $3,314.92 but heads for weekly gains, supported by weak U.S. jobs data despite easing U.S.-China tensions.
  • Nikkei 225: Japan’s Nikkei 225 opens higher at 37,741.61 (+0.50%), extending recent gains after winning sessions in two of the past three trading days
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Bitcoin Pushes Toward $107K Even as Trump Sends National Guard to Los Angeles

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Bitcoin (BTC) BTC maintained a steady climb Saturday as U.S. domestic tensions intensified.

Markets remained focused on crypto resilience despite unsettling headlines, including an immigration-related standoff in Los Angeles.

According to a report by CNBC, over 100 arrests have been reported as clashes continued between protesters and federal agents, prompting President Trump to authorize the deployment of 2,000 National Guard troops. By Sunday morning, elements of the 79th Infantry Brigade had arrived on-site, according to Northern Command.

Further escalation came with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth warning that U.S. Marines at Camp Pendleton could also be mobilized if violence persists. Still, Bitcoin’s stability at $106,332 suggests crypto investors remain unfazed, treating the unrest as a regional event rather than a market-moving crisis.

Bitcoin traded within a narrow $1,057 range, from $105,043 to $106,101, and is currently hovering at $106,332. The price action showed a strong rebound after briefly dipping below $105,100, as buying interest re-emerged around the $105,400 support level, according to CoinDesk Research’s technical analysis model.

An early breakout attempt above $106,100 ran into selling pressure, creating a high-volume resistance zone. That move was short-lived as profit-taking set in, though the coin held onto its gains. The consolidation structure remains bullish, with the pattern of higher lows hinting at a potential push toward $107,000 if resistance breaks cleanly.

Despite broader macro headwinds, BTC continues to attract buyers during dips, underscoring its role as a perceived hedge amid rising uncertainty.

Technical Analysis Highlights

  • BTC traded within a $1,288 range (1.22%) between a low of $105,043.65 and a 24-hour high of $106,332.
  • Resistance around $105,900–$106,100 was broken as price surged beyond this zone with strong volume during the early afternoon.
  • Support at $105,400 held firm through several retests, reinforcing bullish sentiment.
  • A breakout to $106,332 occurred around 13:48, followed by minor profit-taking and stabilization above $106,000.
  • The hourly chart shows an ascending trend with consistent higher lows, invalidating the earlier «pump and dump» interpretation.
  • With momentum intact, BTC may test the $107,000 resistance level if current support near $105,800 holds.

Disclaimer: Parts of this article were generated with the assistance from AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy.

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Bitcoin Holds Above $105K Despite Donald Trump’s Threats Against Elon Musk

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Bitcoin BTC held firm above $105,000 on Saturday despite an unusually combative and personal escalation in the Trump-Musk feud that could rattle traditional markets next week.

On Saturday, in a phone interview with NBC News, President Trump warned that there would be “serious consequences” if Elon Musk financially backed Democratic candidates running against Republicans who support the GOP’s budget bill. “If he does, he’ll have to pay the consequences for that,” Trump said, adding later, “He’ll have to pay very serious consequences if he does that.”

Trump, who has often boasted of past support from Musk, firmly dismissed the idea of mending ties. “No,” he said when asked whether he wished to repair the relationship. “I would assume so, yeah,” he added when asked if the rift was permanent.

Despite the intensifying feud between two of the most influential figures in U.S. politics and technology, Bitcoin remained unfazed. The cryptocurrency held onto earlier gains and continues to trade near weekly highs. The market’s composure suggests that traders may increasingly view BTC as a hedge against institutional dysfunction, or at least as an asset insulated from the partisan fallout that tends to impact equities more directly.

Technical Analysis Highlights

  • BTC traded in a 24-hour range of $1,162 (1.13%), from a low of $104,624 to a high of $105,786, according to CoinDesk Research’s technical analysis model.
  • Strong support formed at $104,800, where above-average volume confirmed buyer interest.
  • Resistance at $105,200 was broken and has since flipped into a short-term support zone.
  • Volume peaked at 378 BTC during key breakout moments, especially around 13:43–13:46 and 13:53.
  • A short consolidation occurred between $104,300–$104,600 before the final surge to near highs.
  • An ascending price channel remains intact, showing bullish structure despite intermittent pullbacks.

Disclaimer: Parts of this article were generated with the assistance from AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy.

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