Uncategorized
The Protocol: Vana Introduces Token Standard for Data-Backed Assets

Welcome to The Protocol, CoinDesk’s weekly wrap-up of the most important stories in cryptocurrency tech development. I’m Ben Schiller.
In this issue:
Vana launches token standard
Hashgraph to debut private blockchain
ASICs will look more like servers
An interview with Gensyn’s Ben Fielding
This article is featured in the latest issue of The Protocol, our weekly newsletter exploring the tech behind crypto, one block at a time. Sign up here to get it in your inbox every Wednesday.
Network News
VANA’S DATA-BACKED TOKEN STANDARD: Crypto enthusiasts might have heard of the ERC-20 token standard, which provides guidelines to ensure that tokens created on the Ethereum smart contract blockchain are compatible and can interact with other tokens and applications within the network. A similar standard for data-backed tokens, called VRC-20, has now emerged. Vana, an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain that helps users monetize personal data by bundling it into DataDAOs for AI model training, introduced the new standard early this week to boost trust and transparency in the market for data-backed digital assets. The VRC-20 standard design includes specific criteria such as fixed supply, governance, and liquidity rules while ensuring real data access by tying tokens to actual data utility. Additionally, it promotes continuous liquidity through rewards that ensure market stability. «This isn’t speculation. This is real financialization of data,» Vana noted on X. Vana launched its mainnet in December, with VANA as its native cryptocurrency. Since then, the network has onboarded over 12 million data points through multiple DataDAOs, reflecting strong demand for user-owned data. DataDAOs or data liquidity pools are decentralized marketplaces that bring data on-chain as transferable digital tokens. DLPs are where data is contributed, tokenized and made ready for use in applications such as AI model training. — Omkar Godbole Read more.
HASHGRAPH LINES UP Q3 PRIVATE CHAIN: Hashgraph, the blockchain development firm focusing on the Hedera (HBAR) network, is building a private, permissioned blockchain for enterprises in highly regulated industries with plans to debut in the third quarter of 2025. HashSphere, built with Hedera’s technology, aims to bridge private and public distributed ledgers, ensuring compliance with regulations while maintaining interoperability, the company said Monday. Hashgraph is looking to provide services to asset managers, banks and payment providers seeking secure, low-cost cross-border transactions with stablecoins.While public blockchains offer security and transparency, enterprises in industries like finance and payments often face compliance challenges, particularly with know your customer (KYC) and anti-money laundering (AML) requirements. HashSphere addresses this by restricting access to verified participants, enabling firms to develop tokenized assets, AI-powered services and other blockchain-based products while meeting regulatory standards. The network also integrates Hedera’s existing tools, including the Token Service for managing digital assets and the Consensus Service for recording transactions with trusted timestamps. The platform is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing developers to deploy decentralized applications using Solidity and other EVM languages. — Kris Sandor Read more.
ASICS TO BE MORE LIKE SERVERS: In the beginning, there were only CPUs, then GPUs, for bitcoin mining. Then came the mighty ASIC in 2013, and with it, the “shoebox” form factor that has become emblematic of the bitcoin mining industry. What comes next? ASIC manufacturers are increasingly betting on a hydro-cooled server rack design to become a substantial portion of bitcoin mining fleets, leaning into the “direct-to-chip” cooling for further efficiency gains. Last September, Bitmain announced its model U3S21EXPH developed in a partnership with Hut 8. Its U3 design means that one unit takes up three spaces in a traditional server rack. MicroBT soon followed with its M63 Hydro series, as did Bitdeer’s Sealminer A2 Hydro unit. Following suit, Auradine released its server rack model, the AH3880, this March. Its U2 design, which occupies two server slots, is a bit smaller, but it packs more hashrate per unit of space at 600 TH/s (or 300 TH/s per slot) versus Bitmain’s 860 TH/s (286.66 TH/s per slot). The benefit of a server rack ASIC lies in standardization. Bitcoin miners are increasingly marching in step with the traditional datacenter industry, and that industry could see 40% adoption of direct liquid-to-chip cooling by 2026, according to data center developer Cyrus One. If miners adopt this design, then theoretically, they can optimize their supply chains by converging on server designs that are becoming best practice in the big-boy data center sector. — Colin Harper, Blockspace Read more.
GENSYN CEO BEN FIELDING: Ten years ago, when he was still a young AI researcher beginning his PhD track, Ben Fielding explored how “swarms” of AI — clusters of many different models — could talk to each other and learn from each other, which might improve the collective whole. There was just one problem: He was handcuffed by the realities of that noisy machine beneath his desk. And he knew he was outgunned by Google and other Big Tech. Compute constraints would always be an issue, he realized. The solution? Decentralized AI. Fielding co-founded Gensyn (along with Harry Grieve) in 2020, or years before Decentralized AI became fashionable. The project was initially known for building decentralized compute, but the vision is actually something wider: “The network for machine intelligence.” They’re building solutions up and down the tech stack. And now, a decade after Fielding’s noisy desk annoyed his lab-mates, the early tools of Gensyn are out in the wild. Gensyn recently released its “RL Swarms” protocol (a descendant of Fielding’s PhD work) and just launched its Testnet — which brings blockchain into the fold. Fielding talked with Jeff Wilser about AI Swarms, how blockchain snaps into the puzzle, and shares why all innovators — not just tech giants — “should have the right to build machine learning technologies.” — Jeff Wilser Read more.
In Other News
Web3 lacks a dedicated memory layer, making its current architecture inefficient and difficult to scale. Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) offers a solution by enhancing data propagation and storage efficiency in decentralized systems. Implementing RLNC can address Web3’s scalability challenges by optimizing memory and data access without compromising decentralization, says Muriel Médard, co-founder of Optimum. Read her op-ed here.
Ripple, an enterprise-focused blockchain service closely tied to the XRP Ledger (XRP), said on Wednesday it has integrated its stablecoin to the company’s cross-border payments system to boost adoption for Ripple USD (RLUSD). Select Ripple Payments customers including cross-border payment providers BKK Forex and iSend are already using the stablecoin to improve their treasury operations, the company said. Ripple plans to further expand the token’s availability of its token to payments customers. RLUSD reached a $244 million market capitalization, growing 87% over the past month. — Kris Sandor reports.
Regulatory and Policy
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has dropped or paused over a dozen ongoing cases (and lost one) since U.S. President Donald Trump retook office just over two months ago and appointed Commissioner Mark Uyeda as acting chair. Here is a rundown of what’s left on the SEC’s enforcement docket. — Nik De reports.
Calendar
April 8-10: Paris Blockchain Week
April 30-May 1: Token 2049, Dubai
May 14-16: Consensus, Toronto
May 20-22: Avalanche Summit, London
May 27-29: Bitcoin 2025, Las Vegas
June 30-July 3: EthCC, Cannes
Oct. 1-2: Token2049, Singapore
Uncategorized
Crypto Markets Today: XMR Rallies Despite 18-Block Reorg

Bitcoin traded in the red having failed to establish a foothold above $116,000 as whales rotated more funds into ether.
Uncategorized
Bitcoin Fails to Hold $116K as OGs Rotate Into Ether: Crypto Daybook Americas

By Omkar Godbole (All times ET unless indicated otherwise)
The crypto market has stalled since Saturday, with bitcoin (BTC) once again failing to keep gains above $116,000 alongside continued selling by wallets of early adopters, or OGs.
According to blockchain analyst Lookonchain, on Sunday an eight-year BTC holder moved 1,176 BTC worth over $136 million to Hyperliquid and started dumping. This holder is known to have exchanged 35,991 BTC for 886,731 ETH in recent months.
Other long-term holders have also been liquidating coins in recent months as the market continues to adjust to a six-figure price as the new normal for BTC.
But the latest selling is not just limited to long-term holders. On-chain data tracked by Glassnode showed that wallets of all sizes are back to distributing coins.
In ether’s case, whale wallets continue to scale exposure, suggesting ether outperformance relative to bitcoin. The ether-bitcoin ratio on Binance, however, fell for a third consecutive day, unable to capitalize on the descending trendline breakout confirmed on Friday.
Memecoins, the recent outperformers, have also come under pressure, with top tokens, DOGE and SHIB, losing 10% and 6%, respectively, over the past 24 hours.
Solana’s native token SOL traded over 2% lower at $234 despite key industry participants taking steps to accelerate the adoption of Solana-native decentralized finance (DeFi).
Kyle Samani, chairman of Nasdaq-listed Solana treasury company Forward Industries, said on X that the company plans to deploy funds into the Solana-based DeFi protocols. Last week, Forward raised $1.65 billion in a private placement led by Multicoin Capital, Galaxy Digital and Jump Crypto.
Samani was responding to an idea raised by a crypto trader, Ansem, who called for corporate treasury funds to invest in Solana-based DeFi to boost the network’s DeFi appeal relative to industry giant Ethereum.
In traditional markets, investor positioning in the S&P 500 looked totally biased bullish. «Sentiment is at extremes. Careful out there,» pseudonymous observer The Short Bear said on X. Stay alert!
What to Watch
- Crypto
- None scheduled.
- Macro
- None scheduled.
- Earnings (Estimates based on FactSet data)
- None scheduled.
Token Events
- Governance votes & calls
- Curve DAO is voting to update donation-enabled Twocrypto contracts, refining donation vesting so unlocked portions persist after burns. Voting ends Sept. 16.
- Unlocks
- Sept. 15: Starknet (STRK) to unlock 5.98% of its circulating supply worth $17.09 million.
- Sept. 15: Sei (SEI) to unlock 1.18% of its circulating supply worth $18.06 million.
- Token Launches
- Sept. 15: OpenLedger (OPENLEDGER) to be listed on Crypto.com.
Conferences
- Day 4 of 4: ETHTokyo 2025
- Day 1 of 7: Budapest Blockchain Week 2025
- Sept. 15: TGE Summit 2025 (New York)
Token Talk
By Oliver Knight
- Monero’s blockchain suffered its deepest-ever reorg on Monday, rolling back 18 blocks.
- A blockchain reorganization, or reorg, happens when nodes abandon part of the existing chain to follow a longer one with more proof-of-work. The shift occurs during a temporary fork, when two versions of the chain compete.
- Monero’s XMR token remained unperturbed during the porcess; rallying by 5% despite the attack by Qubic, a layer-1 AI-focused blockchain and mining pool that attempted to take over the Monero blockchain by amassing 51% of the mining power last month.
- The event rewrote roughly 36 minutes of transaction history and invalidated about 118 confirmed transactions, prompting concerns about the security of the network.
- Crypto podcaster xenu claimed that Qubic’s reorg was an attempt to «stop the bleeding» of XMR’s price after it tumbled from $344 to $235 during the initial 51% attack in August.
- XMR currently trades at $304 having brushed aside negative sentiment with daily trading volume rising by 78% to $136 million.
Derivatives Positioning
by Omkar Godbole
- The top 25 coins have experienced a decline in futures open interest (OI) over the past 24 hours, with memecoins, such as DOGE, PEPE and FARTCOIN, registering double-digit capital outflows. This contrasts with the pre-Fed bounce being seen in most tokens.
- BTC’s global futures OI tally has pulled back to 720K BTC from the near-record high of 744K BTC last week. Total market-wide OI has pulled back to $90 billion from $95 billion over the weekend.
- ETH’s tally grew to over 14 million ether from roughly 13.2 million ether early this month, indicating renewed capital inflows. However, this does not necessarily indicate bullish positioning, as the OI-normalized cumulative volume delta (CVD) for ETH has been negative for the past 24 hours. That’s a sign of net selling pressure.
- Most major tokens have seen a negative CVD for the past 24 hours.
- Activity in the CME-listed futures looks to be picking up the pace, with OI bouncing to 141.69K BTC from the multimonth low of 133.25K BTC early this week. The annualized rate on a three-month basis remains below 10%, extending the consolidation. ETH’s CME OI remains below 2 million ether.
- On Deribit, put bias in BTC and ETH has eased significantly across all tenors as markets anticipate Fed rate cuts in the coming months. The implied volatility term structure remains in contango, with December expiry expected to be more volatile.
Market Movements
- BTC is down 1.1% from 4 p.m. ET Friday at $114,933.52 (24hrs: -1%)
- ETH is down 3.1% at $4,528.04 (24hrs: -3.22%)
- CoinDesk 20 is down 2.73% at 4,245.39 (24hrs: -3.35%)
- Ether CESR Composite Staking Rate is down 2 bps at 2.82%
- BTC funding rate is at 0.0081% (8.829% annualized) on Binance
- DXY is unchanged at 97.48
- Gold futures are down 0.29% at $3,675.80
- Silver futures are down 0.56% at $42.59
- Nikkei 225 closed up 0.89% at 44,768.12
- Hang Seng closed up 0.22% at 26,446.56
- FTSE is down 0.1% at 9,273.57
- Euro Stoxx 50 is up 0.6% at 5,423.13
- DJIA closed on Friday down 0.59% at 45,834.22
- S&P 500 closed unchanged at 6,584.29
- Nasdaq Composite closed up 0.44% at 22,141.10
- S&P/TSX Composite closed down 0.42% at 29,283.82
- S&P 40 Latin America closed unchanged at 2,857.80
- U.S. 10-Year Treasury rate is unchanged at 4.059%
- E-mini S&P 500 futures are unchanged at 6,594.50
- E-mini Nasdaq-100 futures are unchanged at 24,098.00
- E-mini Dow Jones Industrial Average Index are up 0.22% at 45,957.00
Bitcoin Stats
- BTC Dominance: 58.11% (0.57%)
- Ether to bitcoin ratio: 0.03938 (-1.38%)
- Hashrate (seven-day moving average): 1,025 EH/s
- Hashprice (spot): $53.81
- Total Fees: 3.13 BTC / $362,347
- CME Futures Open Interest: 141,690 BTC
- BTC priced in gold: 31.5 oz
- BTC vs gold market cap: 8.90%
Technical Analysis
- DOGE has dropped from 30.7 cents to 26 cents, penetrating the bullish trendline from Sept. 6 lows.
- The breakdown suggests renewed seller momentum.
- Prices have also found acceptance below the Ichimoku cloud. Crossovers below the cloud are said to represent a bearish shift in trend.
Crypto Equities
- Coinbase Global (COIN): closed on Friday at $323.04 (-0.28%), -0.34% at $321.95 in pre-market
- Circle (CRCL): closed at $125.32 (-6.27%), +1.81% at $127.59
- Galaxy Digital (GLXY): closed at $29.70 (+2.88%), -0.47% at $29.56
- Bullish (BLSH): closed at $51.84 (-3.98%), +1.72% at $52.73
- MARA Holdings (MARA): closed at $16.31 (+3.82%), -0.67% at $16.20
- Riot Platforms (RIOT): closed at $15.89 (+1.53%), -0.44% at $15.82
- Core Scientific (CORZ): closed at $15.86 (+1.99%), -0.38% at $15.80
- CleanSpark (CLSK): closed at $10.35 (+1.47%), unchanged in pre-market
- CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Miners ETF (WGMI): closed at $37.32 (+4.63%)
- Exodus Movement (EXOD): closed at $28.36 (-1.73%), unchanged in pre-market
Crypto Treasury Companies
- Strategy (MSTR): closed at $331.44 (+1.66%), -0.53% at $329.68
- Semler Scientific (SMLR): closed at $29.19 (+2.28%)
- SharpLink Gaming (SBET): closed at $17.7 (+8.19%), -2.26% at $17.30
- Upexi (UPXI): closed at $6.76 (+18.93%), +1.55% at $6.86
- Lite Strategy (LITS): closed at $3.07 (+10.43%)
ETF Flows
Spot BTC ETFs
- Daily net flow: $642.4 million
- Cumulative net flows: $56.79 billion
- Total BTC holdings ~ 1.31 million
Spot ETH ETFs
- Daily net flow: $405.5 million
- Cumulative net flows: $13.38 billion
- Total ETH holdings ~ 6.48 million
Source: Farside Investors
While You Were Sleeping
- What’s Next for Bitcoin and Ether as Downside Fears Ease Ahead of Fed Rate Cut? (CoinDesk): Amberdata’s Greg Magadini says a routine quarter-point cut could mean gradual gains, while a half-point move might trigger an explosive rally in BTC, ETH, SOL and gold.
- Bank of England’s Proposed Stablecoin Ownership Limits Are Unworkable, Say Crypto Groups (CoinDesk): Executives say the U.K.’s proposed caps could be impossible to enforce and risk pushing innovation abroad, while U.S. and EU rules set standards without limiting holdings.
- LSE Group Starts Blockchain Platform for Access by Private Funds (Bloomberg): LSEG’s Digital Markets Infrastructure, built to boost efficiency, was used in a MembersCap fundraising for MCM Fund 1 with crypto exchange Archax serving the role of nominee.
- Trump Administration Claims Vast Powers as It Races to Fire Fed Governor Before Meeting (The New York Times): In Sunday’s filing to a federal appeals court, Justice Department lawyers argued Trump’s authority to oust Fed governor Lisa Cook was both “unreviewable” and “reasonable.”
- BOE Expected to Leave Key Rate on Hold, but Slow Quantitative Tightening (The Wall Street Journal): Signs of internal resistance have cast doubt on near-term rate cuts, with four MPC members opposing the last move and BoE Governor Andrew Bailey warning inflation pressures complicate policy choices.
Uncategorized
Crypto Miners Rally in Pre-Market Trading Amid Tesla’s Surge

Markets are seeing sharp moves this morning with crypto mining stocks continuing their rally and Tesla jumping on Elon Musk’s latest share purchase.
Bitfarms (BITF) is up 15% pre-market to $2.55, extending its weekly rally of 75%. AI-focused mining stocks continue their strong performance as well, with IREN (IREN) rising 3% pre-market and up over 230% year-to-date. Hive Blockchain (HIVE) gained 5% pre-market, adding to its 40% rise over the past month.
KindlyMD (NAKA), a bitcoin treasury company holding 5,765 BTC, is down 50% pre-market and off 96% from its all-time high.
Tesla (TSLA) is trading at $420 pre-market, up 6% from Friday’s close after a 7% surge last week. An SEC filing revealed Elon Musk purchased nearly 2.6 million shares.
While, CapitalB (ALCPB) acquired 48 BTC, bringing its total holdings to 2,249 BTC, up 15% in European markets.
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