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The Protocol: Layer-2 Eclipse’s Airdrop Goes Live

Welcome to The Protocol, CoinDesk’s weekly wrap-up of the most important stories in cryptocurrency tech development. I’m Margaux Nijkerk, CoinDesk’s Tech & Protocols reporter.
In this issue:
- Eclipse Launches $ES Airdrop, Distributing 15% of Token Supply
- Risc Zero’s ‘Boundless’ Incentivized Testnet Goes Live
- Bitcoin Devs Float Proposal to Freeze Quantum-Vulnerable Addresses — Even Satoshi Nakamoto’s
- Aethir and Credible Introduce First DePIN-Powered Credit Card
Network News
ECLIPSE TOKEN GENERATION EVENT: Eclipse, the layer-2 that combines technology from the Ethereum and Solana blockchains, shared that it has gone live with an airdorp of its $ES token. The team behind the network shared that the initial distribution will occur over the next 30 days, and a total of 1 billion $ES tokens have been minted, with distribution structured to go to community incentives and long-term protocol sustainability. Of the supply, 15% is allocated to an airdrop and liquidity provisions for core community members and developers who have supported the network from the start. 35% will support ecosystem growth and research and development, aimed to help scale the network. Contributors will receive 19% of the supply, including team members, with a four year vesting period and three year lockup schedule. The remaining 31% is for early supporters and investors, who are subject to a three year lockup schedule to commit to Eclipse’s roadmap long-term. — Margaux Nijkerk Read more.
RISC-ZERO “BOUNDLESS” INCENTIVIZED TESTNET GOES LIVE : Boundless, the decentralized zero-knowledge (ZK) compute marketplace powered by RISC Zero, has launched its incentivized testnet (which it is calling “Mainnet Beta”) on Base, Coinbase’s Ethereum layer-2 network. With Boundless’ incentivized testnet, developers can build and test applications in an environment as if the protocol is in fully live format. The network has already landed early support from industry heavyweights like the Ethereum Foundation, Wormhole and EigenLayer. A decentralized marketplace for zero-knowledge compute connects those who need zero-knowledge proofs — such as developers building rollups, bridges, or privacy-preserving applications — with a distributed network of independent “ZK provers or miners” who generate and verify those proofs. Instead of relying on centralized parties, this model allows anyone with the right hardware to contribute computing power and be rewarded for doing that cryptographic work. — Margaux Nijkerk Read more.
NEW BITCOIN PROPOSAL TO FREEZE QUANTAM-VULNERABLE ADDRESSES: A new Bitcoin draft proposal wants to do what’s long been unthinkable: Freeze coins secured by legacy cryptography — including those in Satoshi Nakamoto’s wallets — before quantum computers can crack them. That’s according to a new draft proposal co-authored by Jameson Lopp and other crypto security researchers, which introduces a phased soft fork that turns quantum migration into a ticking clock. Fail to upgrade, and your coins become unspendable. That includes the roughly 1.1 million BTC tied to early pay-to-pubkey addresses, like those of Satoshi’s and other early miners. “This proposal is radically different from any in Bitcoin’s history just as the threat posed by quantum computing is radically different from any other threat in Bitcoin’s history,” the authors explained as a motivation for the proposal. “Never before has Bitcoin faced an existential threat to its cryptographic primitives.” — Shaurya Malwa Read more.
THE FIRST DEPIN POWERED CREDIT CARD: Aethir, a decentralized GPU cloud network, has teamed up with Credible Finance, a lending protocol, to introduce what they call the first credit card and loan product powered by a decentralized physical infrastructure network (DePIN). The move is designed to give Aethir’s native ATH token holders and node operators access to stablecoin credit without liquidating their tokens — a step toward blending on-chain infrastructure with real-world financial capital. The product, which debuted on Wednesday, lets eligible users collateralize their ATH tokens to access a revolving credit line or preload a no-fee card with ATH or stablecoins on Solana. Loan approvals and limits are determined by Credible’s AI-driven credit engine, which evaluates a user’s on-chain activity, asset holdings and transaction history. — Margaux Nijkerk Read more.
In Other News
- Ripple has expanded its institutional custody services into the Middle East, partnering with UAE-based tokenization platform Ctrl Alt to support Dubai’s government-led real estate digitization initiative. The deal will see Ctrl Alt use Ripple’s custody infrastructure to store tokenized property title deeds issued by the Dubai Land Department (DLD) on the XRP Ledger (XRPL). — Shaurya Malwa Read more.
- SharpLink Gaming (SBET), the Nasdaq-listed firm with a crypto treasury strategy centered on ether ETH, on Tuesday said it has become the largest corporate holder of the asset with 280,706 ETH worth roughly $840 million at current prices. The firm raised $413 million via the issuance of over 24 million shares between July 7 and July 11, according to a press release. It purchased a total of 74,656 ETH over the past week at an average price of $2,852 each. Roughly $257 million of that fundraising remained for future ETH acquisitions, the firm said. — Kristzian Sandor Read more.
Regulatory and Policy
- The House of Representatives on Tuesday did not vote on a procedural motion to advance a trio of crypto bills, but may vote Wednesday to advance the legislation. As it sped into its crypto-focused week on Tuesday, the U.S. House’s process toward passing digital assets bills ground to a sudden halt over a procedural vote as members of the House Freedom Caucus objected to the way some of the legislation has developed under Senate dominance. The legislation still has strong, bipartisan support, suggesting the procedural mishap may be overcome as a further vote was scheduled for later Tuesday afternoon. This vote was canceled less than 15 minutes before it was set to begin, so the matter may not be raised again until early Wednesday — the same day the Digital Asset Markets Clarity Act was set to be voted on. — Jesse Hamilton, Stephen Alpher, & Nikilesh De Read more.
- A 12-person jury has been seated for Tornado Cash developer Roman Storm’s criminal trial, and opening arguments are set to begin later this afternoon in the Thurgood Marshall courthouse in Lower Manhattan. Seven women and five men with a diverse range of backgrounds and ages will decide whether the U.S. Department of Justice can prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Storm engaged in conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to violate U.S. sanctions and conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business. — Cheyenne Ligon & Nikilesh De Read more.
Calendar
- July 16-18: Web3 Summit, Berlin
- Sept. 22-28: Korea Blockchain Week, Seoul
- Oct. 1-2: Token2049, Singapore
- Nov. 17-22: Devconnect, Buenos Aires
- Dec. 11-13: Solana Breakpoint, Abu Dhabi
- Feb. 10-12, 2026: Consensus, Hong Kong
- May 5-7, 2026: Consensus, Miami
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Hack ‘Victims’ Say Tornado Cash Offered No Help in the Wake of Exploits: Day 2 of Roman Storm Trial

NEW YORK — Hack and scam victims who reached out to Tornado Cash requesting assistance retrieving their stolen funds received little in the way of help from the privacy tool’s developers, three government witnesses told the jury during day two of Roman Storm’s criminal money laundering trial.
One victim, a Taiwan-born Georgia woman who said she lost nearly $250,000 to a wrong-number pig butchering scam — with a portion of the proceeds laundered through Tornado Cash — said her request for help went unanswered. Another witness, a lawyer for crypto exchange BitMart, which was hacked for nearly $200 million in 2021, said that Storm told his team that there was nothing he or his fellow developers could do to retrieve the funds given the decentralized nature of the protocol.
A third witness, Andy Ho — CTO and co-founder at Sky Mavis, the blockchain gaming company behind Axie Infinity and the Ronin Network — detailed how hackers stole over $625 million in an exploit of Ronin Bridge in 2022, in effect fully looting the protocol’s coffers. Though Ho himself didn’t mention it during his testimony, the group behind the exploit was later revealed to be the Lazarus Group, North Korea’s state-sponsored hacking organization, which used Tornado Cash to launder a portion of the stolen funds.
During their examination of the three witnesses, prosecutors attempted to paint a portrait of Storm as someone who refused to lift a finger to help hack victims, or to make changes to the Tornado Cash protocol to dissuade future use of the protocol by criminals.
Storm’s lawyers, when they had the chance to cross-examine the «victim» witnesses, cast their client’s lack of action in another light: he was, they insinuated, unable to help retrieve funds, because Tornado Cash was decentralized. Storm told BitMart’s lawyer — New York-based Joseph Evans, a partner at law firm McDermott, Will and Emery — so himself in an email on Dec. 15, 2021, according to an exhibit introduced by the government.
Evans also admitted on cross-examination that Tornado Cash wasn’t the only place BitMart’s hacked funds went after the exploit: his firm also reached out to 1inch, a decentralized exchange aggregator, which told them to come back with a warrant, as well as Cloudflare — a major website infrastructure provider — and Binance. Evans said he received no response from the latter two companies.
Brian Klein, a partner at Waymaker LLP and a lawyer for Roman Storm, asked Evans if it was true that the only person who had ever directly responded to Evans’ inquiries in the wake of BitMart’s hack was Roman Storm.
“That’s correct,” Evans said.
Storm’s lawyers asked Ho, the CTO of Sky Mavis, a similar line of questions when he was on the stand, though Ho — who said he had been subpoenaed by the government and asked to travel to New York from his hometown of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to testify — was less forthcoming.
Keri Axel, another Waymaker partner and member of Storm’s defense team, asked Ho if he remembered the findings presented to Sky Mavis by Crowdstrike after the exploit, including that the stolen funds had filtered through a number of protocols and exchanges besides Tornado Cash, including FTX, Huobi, and Crypto.com.
“I don’t recall,” Ho said to each.
Axel asked how much, if any, of the stolen money was able to ultimately be recovered. Ho said that $6 million was returned by Norwegian police.
“Did you understand that that $6 million had gone through Tornado Cash?” Axel asked Ho.
“I don’t have that knowledge,» Ho said.
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The Node: The Plot to Fire Powell

Donald Trump is unhappy with the head of the U.S. central bank.
Here’s why: Powell, who hurriedly cut federal interest rates by 75 basis points ahead of the 2024 election, has been reluctant to ease monetary conditions further, citing potentially inflationary effects of the White House’s new tariff policies.
Trump has been floating the idea of firing him for a while now. The regulator, for his part, has maintained since November that Trump lacks the legal authority to do so. Powell’s term is slated to end in May 2026 in any case.
«Jerome Powell has been very bad for our country,» Trump said over the weekend. «We should have the lowest interest rate on Earth, and we don’t. He just refuses to do it.»
The coalition against Powell appears to be growing by the day. The director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), Bill Pulte, has accused the chairman of political bias and called for a congressional investigation into his leadership.
Republican members of Congress (such Senators Rick Scott and Tommy Tuberville, and House Judiciary Chair Jim Jordan) have, too, criticized Powell’s actions over the past few months.
Then there’s Kevin Warsh, a former Federal Reserve governor — and potential Powell replacement — who says that it’s time for “regime change” at the Fed. (I’m only naming a few people, but the list is long.)
Now, the Federal Reserve is technically independent, so Powell is protected from arbitrary dismissal and can only be removed “for cause,” meaning there needs to be a serious, legally justified reason to fire him.
Powell’s critics are now using the Federal Reserve’s $2.5 billion headquarters renovation as a new angle of attack, alleging potential misconduct or that Powell misled Congress in his testimony regarding the renovation. (The project was set in motion years before Trump appointed Powell in 2018.)
The pressure has increased even more in the last couple of days. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said on Tuesday that a “formal process” to replace Powell was underway. A few hours later, Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna tweeted that Powell’s firing was “imminent,” sending Polymarket odds of the event to 27%.
The rumors did not abate on Wednesday. Bloomberg and CBS reported today that Trump was looking to pull the trigger soon, while The New York Times claimed that the president had already drafted a letter to the effect.
Trump, however, immediately said he wasn’t planning on firing the Fed chairman, and even downplayed accusations of fraud about the $2.5 billion headquarters renovation.
Where does that leave us? Let’s keep our eyes on the prize: CME FedWatch indicates there’s only a 2.6% chance of rates coming down at the next Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting, scheduled for July 30. However, those odds jump to almost 60% for September.
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Trump-Linked WLFI Token Clears Vote to Become Tradable

The governance token of World Liberty Financial (WLFI), a decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol backed by U.S. President Donald Trump and his family, may soon become tradable on exchanges after a community vote concluded on Wednesday.
Token holders voted 99% in favor for the proposal to allow WLFI tokens to trade on secondary markets and transfer peer-to-peer, a Snapshot vote shows.
The decision comes after the protocol raised around $590 million last year in a pre-sale where investors could buy WLFI tokens. For example, Tron founder Justin Sun also purchased $30 million of the asset. World Liberty Financial is developing a DeFi lending and borrowing platform, and also issues a U.S. dollar stablecoin named USD1.
The WLFI token was designed to give holders the right to participate in the protocol’s governance and decision-making. However, those tokens that were sold to early supporters have been locked-up since then, without the ability to sell, buy or transfer them.
The proposal that passed sets a phased token unlock plan. Some tokens that were sold during the presale will unlock at trading launch, while the rest await a second community vote to decide their release schedule. Tokens held by founders, the team and advisors will remain locked longer than early supporter allocations to underscore long-term commitment to the project, the proposal said.
Final unlock timing and eligibility criteria will be determined later, it added.
Read more: World Liberty Makes Narrative U-Turn, Says WLFI Token Will Become Tradable Soon
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