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Shuttered Russian Crypto Exchange Garantex Rebrands as Grinex, Global Ledger Finds

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Less than two weeks after it was taken down by international law enforcement authorities, Garantex — a Russian crypto exchange popular with ransomware gangs and sanctions-evading oligarchs — has allegedly already risen from the ashes, rebranding itself as Grinex.

According to a new report from Swiss blockchain analytics firm Global Ledger, a slew of on and off-chain data indicates that Grinex is a direct successor to Garantex. Some liquidity from Garantex, including all of Garantex’s holdings of a ruble-backed stablecoin called A7A5, has already been moved to Grinex-controlled wallets.

Global Ledger CEO Lex Fisun told CoinDesk that, in addition to on-chain data connecting Garantex to Grinex, there have been numerous off-chain indications that the two exchanges are intimately connected. Fisun pointed to the rapid growth of Grinex, which he said had surpassed $40 million in volume in just two weeks, as well as a host of social media ties between the two exchanges.

Though other major blockchain analytics companies, including TRM Labs and Chainalysis, have yet to confirm Global Ledger’s findings, Chainalysis’ Head of National Security Intelligence Andrew Fierman told CoinDesk that he had seen several indicators that Grinex was likely to be the rebrand of Garantex.

Fierman pointed to a recent Telegram comment from Sergey Mendeleev, one of the original founders of Garantex, announcing the creation of Grinex and claiming any similarities between the two exchanges were random — followed by two crying laughing emojis. Both Fierman and Fisun told CoinDesk that there were numerous reports of Garantex users going to Garantex’s in-person offices in Europe and the Middle East and transferring their crypto from Garantex to Grinex. Both also pointed out the similarities in the two platforms’ user interfaces.

Though the evidence is certainly compelling, Fierman said that until Chainalysis completes its review of Grinex’s infrastructure, it cannot definitively validate the accuracy of Global Ledger’s report.

But, if Grinex is, in fact, a rebrand of Garantex, it wouldn’t be the first time that a sanctioned exchange remade itself after a shutdown. In 2017, Russian crypto exchange BTC-E was taken down by American law enforcement, and subsequently rebranded as WEX. WEX didn’t last long though — it shuttered a year later due to internal conflict and in-fighting among its remaining leadership. Similarly, sanctioned Russian exchange Suex rebranded as Chatex, and was subsequently sanctioned again.

The trouble with sanctions

The fast revival of Garantex demonstrates the challenge of sanctions, especially against criminal operations like non-compliant exchanges, darknet marketplaces and ransomware gangs that can simply morph to avoid detection.

“Sanctions evasion is going to happen,” Fierson said. “Because if you’re sanctioned, you aren’t just going to accept that you can no longer conduct any financial transactions. You are going to look to avoid detection, however that may be, whether it be through creating shell companies, creating new crypto wallets — and the larger the operation, and the more prominent, the more technically advanced you’d have to be to actually make it work.”

Feirson said this problem isn’t unique to crypto, but crypto-related sanctions offer law enforcement a unique opportunity to follow the money after sanctions are put in place.

“The unique aspect to the blockchain is that it’s transparent and immutable, and so what happens when a company gets shut down is a lot more examined,” Fierson said. “There’s a lot more to examine on-chain. Garantex gets shut down, their Tether holdings get seized, but that doesn’t stop them from moving other assets. There’s opportunity to monitor what happens to those funds post-official shutdown.”

A hydra-like network of potential successors

Whether Grinex is Garantex 2.0 or not, there are a number of other non-compliant Russian crypto exchanges eager and willing to take its place.

Ari Redbord, global head of policy and government affairs at TRM Labs, told CoinDesk that it was simply “too early” to definitively assess the relationship between Grinex and Garantex. “That said, it is clear that other high-risk non-compliant exchanges will try to fill the illicit finance void left by Garantex,” he added.

A recent client report from TRM Labs named several possible successors, including high-risk Russian exchanges ABCEX and Keine-Exchange.

Garantex take down

Garantex was dismantled by international law enforcement from the U.S., Germany and Finland in a joint operation earlier this month, which seized its domain and servers.

The U.S. Treasury’s Department of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) first sanctioned the exchange in 2022, accusing it of knowingly facilitating money laundering for ransomware gangs like Black Basta and Conti, as well as darknet markets like Hydra.

According to court documents, Garantex’s clientele also included North Korea’s state-sanctioned hacking squad The Lazarus Group, which was behind the recent $1.4 billion Bybit hack, as well as Russian oligarchs who used the service to evade sanctions after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Two of Garantex’s operators, Lithuanian national and Russian resident Aleksej Besciokov and Russian citizen and United Arab Emirates resident Aleksandr Mira Serda have been charged with money laundering conspiracy in connection with their work with Garantex. Besciokov was arrested while vacationing with his family in India earlier this month, and is expected to be extradited to the U.S. to face charges.

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Bitcoin in Standstill at $85K as Trump Increases Pressure on Fed’s Powell

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Bitcoin (BTC) was treading water just below $85,000 late Thursday as tensions between U.S. President Donald Trump and Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell added another layer of uncertainty for investors.

Markets dipped on Wednesday after hawkish comments from Powell, who criticized Trump’s tariffs policy, saying that it would likely result in a slowing economy and rising prices — what economists call “stagflation.» In his remarks, Powell made clear his larger focus for now would be on prices, suggesting tighter Fed policy than otherwise thought.

Trump — who nominated the former investment banker and lawyer as Fed chair during his first term (Powell was given a second four-year term by President Biden) — has expressed his displeasure with Powell since retaking the White House. Powell, though, who is set to remain atop the central bank until May 2026, has repeatedly stated his determination to finish his term and suggested the president has no standing to fire him.

On Thursday, the WSJ reported that Trump has been privately discussing firing Powell for months, according to people familiar with the matter. Former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh is reportedly waiting in the wings as Powell’s replacement, but Warsh has lobbied the president not to move against the Fed chair, according to the story.

Joining Warsh in that warning is Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, who said the move could roil already shaky U.S. markets as the central bank is supposed to be independent from political influences.

Odds of Trump removing Powell this year on the blockchain-based prediction market Polymarket rose to 19%, the highest reading since the contract’s late January launch.

Trump’s comments came on the back of the European Central Bank (ECB) cutting key interest rates for the seventh consecutive occasion on Thursday as it warned of a deteriorating growth outlook.

More pressure on markets came from the latest Philadelphia Fed manufacturing index, published Thursday morning, which showed a nosedive in activity this month, sinking to its lowest level (-26.4) in two years. Meanwhile, the prices paid index climbed to its highest reading since July 2022, adding to concerns about the Trump administration’s large-scale tariff policy pushing the U.S. economy into stagflation.

The S&P 500 and tech-heavy Nasdaq stock indexes traded mostly flat during the day.

A look at the crypto market showed BTC and Ethereum’s ETH up 0.8% over the past 24 hours. Most assets in the CoinDesk 20 Index traded higher during the day, with bitcoin cash (BCH), NEAR and AAVE leading gains.

CoinDesk 20 Index performance on April 17 (CoinDesk)

How bitcoin traders position amid heightened fear on Wall Street ?

Bitcoin has stabilized between $83k and $86k with traders chasing bullish bets while still seeking downside protection.

On Deribit, traders are actively chasing calls at the 90k to $100k strikes expiring in May and June, the exchange said in a market update Thursday. The demand for calls indicates expectations for a continued price rally.

Some of these bullish bets have been funded by premiums collected by selling put options.

At the same time, there has been renewed interest in buying put options at $80k expiring this month, representing preparations for potential price declines. Buying a put option is akin to purchasing insurance against price slides.

The diverse two-way flow comes as the VIX, Wall Street’s fear gauge measuring the 30-day implied volatility, still remains well above its 50-day average, despite the pullback from recent highs above 50.

The VIX is warning that the macro situation is still unraveling rather than resolving, the exchange said on X.

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Kyrgyzstan President Brings CBDC a Step Closer to Reality

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Kyrgyzstan President Sadyr Japarov took his country a step closer to issuing its own central bank digital currency Thursday, signing legislation that gives the «digital som» legal status.

The central Asian country is still deciding whether or not to issue a CBDC, but Thursday’s amendments to the Constitutional Law of the Kyrgyz Republic ensures that the digital som will be treated as legal tender if the central bank goes ahead with issuing a CBDC.

«The purpose of the Constitutional Law is to launch a pilot project of a prototype of a national digital currency, the ‘digital som,’ as well as to create a legal basis and its status,» a statement on the president’s site said.

Under the new provisions, the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic will be able to develop and approve rules for conducting payments on the digital som platform.

These provisions, described as amendments on the president’s website, were first adopted on March 20 by Kyrgyzstan’s supreme council. The country is due to begin testing the digital som this year, according to local news outlet Trend News Agency. The country is not expected to make a final decision on whether to issue the CBDC until next year.

The idea of CBDCs has been controversial among some crypto proponents, but countries like the U.K., Nigeria, Jamaica and the Bahamas — as well as the European Union’s multinational bloc — have moved in the direction of issuing a CBDC, while other countries like the U.S. have largely moved away from the idea of issuing one.

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Hidden Road, Set to Be Acquired by Ripple, Wins U.S. Broker-Dealer License

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Hidden Road, the prime brokerage firm that’s being acquired by Ripple, has obtained approval to operate as a U.S. broker-dealer from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), the company said Thursday.

The license, granted to its subsidiary Hidden Road Partners CIV US LLC, will allow the firm to expand its fixed income prime brokerage platform, according to the press release. With the broker-dealer status, the firm plans to offer institutional clients a broader range of regulatory-compliant services in clearing, financing and prime brokerage of fixed income assets.

«[This] is a significant step in the development of Hidden Road’s fixed income prime brokerage platform and bolsters our capabilities in traditional financial markets,» Noel Kimmel, the firm’s president, said in a statement.

The development follows Hidden Road’s announcement earlier this month that it had entered into an agreement to be acquired for $1.25 billion by Ripple, the blockchain infrastructure services firm closely associated with the XRP Ledger (XRPL) network. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval and expected to close in the coming months.

Backed by Ripple’s resources, Hidden Road said it expects to scale services significantly and position itself as one of the largest non-bank prime brokers. The firm also said earlier that it plans to migrate its post-trade operations onto the XRPL network, aiming to reduce costs and streamline settlement processes.

Disclaimer: Parts of this article were generated with the assistance from AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy.

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