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Europe’s Financial Watchdog Probes Malta Over Fast-Track MiCA Authorizations

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), the financial watchdog for the 27-country trading block, has carried out a peer review of Malta’s application of the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regime, with specific attention to the island’s fast-tracked authorization of a certain unnamed crypto firm.
ESMA’s Peer Review Committee (PRC) focuses on the authorization of a specific crypto asset service provider or “CASP entity,” which was cleared for MICA despite the fact that “material issues remained unresolved or pending remediation at the time of the authorization.”
OKX, the top five crypto exchange was granted pre-authorization status in Malta at the start of this year and soon after revealed a $500 million settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ).
OKX did not confirm if it is the CASP entity referred to in the review by press time. Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) said it was unable to provide official comment regarding specific operators in relation to the report.
“On the authorization process of the CASP entity, the PRC questions the timing of the authorization of the specific entity under MiCA given that several material issues remained unresolved at the time of the authorization,” said the ESMA review.
“It is unclear to the PRC, why MFSA did not leverage on the authorization process to ensure that the entity would remedy key deficiencies before the authorization would be effective. The PRC is of the view that the overall authorization process should have been more thorough and conducted on a sufficient time to allow MFSA to properly assess compliance against the MiCA framework.”
Questions have been circulating about Malta’s competency since the island began handing out expedited licenses, some of which, it must be said, came from players in other jurisdictions that are potentially worried about falling behind in terms of authorizing firms.
The ESMA findings also stated that any regulator should consider the supervisory history of an entity when assessing a request for authorization.
The PRC said, “the supervisory history of the entity formed part of the authorization assessment, but it was not adequately considered,” including the fact that “material issues remained unresolved or pending remediation at the time of the authorization, including the remediation of previous enforcement cases and the outcome of (at the time) pending ones.”
The ESMA review went on to say that it did not find evidence that certain key aspects of the authorization were adequately assessed. These included aspects of its business plan related to its growth and the on-boarding of new clients, potential conflicts of interest, and governance arrangements. The review also mentioned risks related to the ICT infrastructure, custody, use of the […] booking model, use of Web3 services and certain AML/CFT risks and controls.
The ESMA review found that Malta fully or largely met expectations in areas like its supervisory settings and resources, and it was just the authorization process where it had really fallen short. The Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) welcomed ESMA’s findings.
“The insights provided by the ESMA Peer Review Committee (PRC) (composed of staff from ESMA, European Banking Authority (EBA) and NCAs) are invaluable in supporting the MFSA and other NCAs in their continued efforts to improve and strengthen supervision of this sector,” the MFSA said in an emailed statement.
Read more: ‘Like Ordering McDonald’s:’ Malta’s MiCA Fast-Track Draws Oversight Concerns
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Asia Morning Briefing: Fragility or Back on Track? BTC Holds the Line at $115K

Good Morning, Asia. Here’s what’s making news in the markets:
Welcome to Asia Morning Briefing, a daily summary of top stories during U.S. hours and an overview of market moves and analysis. For a detailed overview of U.S. markets, see CoinDesk’s Crypto Daybook Americas.
Bitcoin (BTC) traded just above $115k in Asia Tuesday morning, slipping slightly after a strong start to the week.
The modest pullback followed a run of inflows into U.S. spot ETFs and lingering optimism that the Federal Reserve will cut rates next week. The moves left traders divided: is this recovery built on fragile foundations, or is crypto firmly back on track after last week’s CPI-driven jitters?
That debate is playing out across research desks. Glassnode’s weekly pulse emphasizes fragility. While ETF inflows surged nearly 200% last week and futures open interest jumped, the underlying spot market looks weak.
Buying conviction remains shallow, Glassnode writes, funding rates have softened, and profit-taking is on the rise with more than 92% of supply in profit.
Options traders have also scaled back downside hedges, pushing volatility spreads lower, which Glassnode warns leaves the market exposed if risk returns. The core message: ETFs and futures are supporting the rally, but without stronger spot flows, BTC remains vulnerable.
QCP takes the other side.
The Singapore-based desk says crypto is “back on track” after CPI confirmed tariff-led inflation without major surprises. They highlight five consecutive days of sizeable BTC ETF inflows, ETH’s biggest inflow in two weeks, and strength in XRP and SOL even after ETF delays.
Traders, they argue, are interpreting regulatory postponements as inevitability rather than rejection. With the Altcoin Season Index at a 90-day high, QCP sees BTC consolidation above $115k as the launchpad for rotation into higher-beta assets.
The divide underscores how Bitcoin’s current range near $115k–$116k is a battleground. Glassnode calls it fragile optimism; QCP calls it momentum. Which side is right may depend on whether ETF inflows keep offsetting profit-taking in the weeks ahead.
Market Movement
BTC: Bitcoin is consolidating near the $115,000 level as traders square positions ahead of expected U.S. Fed policy moves; institutional demand via spot Bitcoin ETFs is supporting upside
ETH: ETH is trading near $4500 in a key resistance band; gains are being helped by renewed institutional demand, tightening supply (exchange outflows), and positive technical setups.
Gold: Gold continues to hold near record highs, underpinned by expectations of Fed interest rate cuts, inflation risk, and investor demand for safe havens; gains tempered somewhat by profit‑taking and a firmer U.S. dollar
Nikkei 225: Japan’s Nikkei 225 topped 45,000 for the first time Monday, leading Asia-Pacific gains as upbeat U.S.-China trade talks and a TikTok divestment framework lifted sentiment.
S&P 500: The S&P 500 rose 0.5% to close above 6,600 for the first time on Monday as upbeat U.S.-China trade talks and anticipation of a Fed meeting lifted stocks.
Elsewhere in Crypto
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Wall Street Bank Citigroup Sees Ether Falling to $4,300 by Year-End

Wall Street giant Citigroup (C) has launched new ether (ETH) forecasts, calling for $4,300 by year-end, which would be a decline from the current $4,515.
That’s the base case though. The bank’s full assessment is wide enough to drive an army regiment through, with the bull case being $6,400 and the bear case $2,200.
The bank analysts said network activity remains the key driver of ether’s value, but much of the recent growth has been on layer-2s, where value “pass-through” to Ethereum’s base layer is unclear.
Citi assumes just 30% of layer-2 activity contributes to ether’s valuation, putting current prices above its activity-based model, likely due to strong inflows and excitement around tokenization and stablecoins.
A layer 1 network is the base layer, or the underlying infrastructure of a blockchain. Layer 2 refers to a set of off-chain systems or separate blockchains built on top of layer 1s.
Exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows, though smaller than bitcoin’s (BTC), have a bigger price impact per dollar, but Citi expects them to remain limited given ether’s smaller market cap and lower visibility with new investors.
Macro factors are seen adding only modest support. With equities already near the bank’s S&P 500 6,600 target, the analysts do not expect major upside from risk assets.
Read more: Ether Bigger Beneficiary of Digital Asset Treasuries Than Bitcoin or Solana: StanChart
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XLM Sees Heavy Volatility as Institutional Selling Weighs on Price

Stellar’s XLM token endured sharp swings over the past 24 hours, tumbling 3% as institutional selling pressure dominated order books. The asset declined from $0.39 to $0.38 between September 14 at 15:00 and September 15 at 14:00, with trading volumes peaking at 101.32 million—nearly triple its 24-hour average. The heaviest liquidation struck during the morning hours of September 15, when XLM collapsed from $0.395 to $0.376 within two hours, establishing $0.395 as firm resistance while tentative support formed near $0.375.
Despite the broader downtrend, intraday action highlighted moments of resilience. From 13:15 to 14:14 on September 15, XLM staged a brief recovery, jumping from $0.378 to a session high of $0.383 before closing the hour at $0.380. Trading volume surged above 10 million units during this window, with 3.45 million changing hands in a single minute as bulls attempted to push past resistance. While sellers capped momentum, the consolidation zone around $0.380–$0.381 now represents a potential support base.
Market dynamics suggest distribution patterns consistent with institutional profit-taking. The persistent supply overhead has reinforced resistance at $0.395, where repeated rally attempts have failed, while the emergence of support near $0.375 reflects opportunistic buying during liquidation waves. For traders, the $0.375–$0.395 band has become the key battleground that will define near-term direction.
Technical Indicators
- XLM retreated 3% from $0.39 to $0.38 during the previous 24-hours from 14 September 15:00 to 15 September 14:00.
- Trading volume peaked at 101.32 million during the 08:00 hour, nearly triple the 24-hour average of 24.47 million.
- Strong resistance established around $0.395 level during morning selloff.
- Key support emerged near $0.375 where buying interest materialized.
- Price range of $0.019 representing 5% volatility between peak and trough.
- Recovery attempts reached $0.383 by 13:00 before encountering selling pressure.
- Consolidation pattern formed around $0.380-$0.381 zone suggesting new support level.
Disclaimer: Parts of this article were generated with the assistance from AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy.
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