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EU Countries Struggle to Implement MiCA as Deadline for Crypto Regulatory Revamp Looms

The European Union’s wide-ranging regulatory regime for cryptocurrency firms, the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA), is set to take effect at year-end, but, with just three weeks to go, almost a quarter of the 27 countries that constitute the bloc aren’t ready.
For the regulation to apply in the country, EU members have to align local laws with MiCA. Those yet to do so include Belgium, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Luxembourg and Romania, according to a document created by the Electronic Money Association, a trade body, which was shared with CoinDesk.
Trade associations representing the crypto industry say this state of unreadiness is being taken too lightly by overarching authorities at the European Commission and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), which are set on maintaining the year-end implementation date even with countries failing to meet it.
“The implementation of MiCA into national law is not going the way it should,” said Robert Kopitsch, co-founder of Blockchain for Europe, a Brussels-based organization whose board includes executives from Coinbase (COIN), Binance, Ripple and Ava Labs.
Two-stage process
The implementation of MiCA, which became law last year, is divided into two phases. The first occurred in June, when stablecoin issuers had to ensure they had the correct authorization to operate in the country.
The second — what the December deadline is about — concerns crypto asset service providers (CASPs) such as exchanges, wallet providers and custodians. These firms need to be registered and based in at least one European Union country to apply for a license under MiCA that allows them to operate across the trading bloc.
According to several crypto industry trade associations, a major issue for some national regulators, the so-called national competent authority (NCA), is the short timespan between the deadline and October, when certain regulatory technical standards were finalized. This left just two months to deal with the resulting paperwork and complexity.
“Under such time pressure it will be very difficult for the responsible NCA to manage the CASP application properly which is crucial for launching effective supervision based upon a well-established regulatory relationship,” reads a letter sent to ESMA last month. The letter was signed by Blockchain for Europe, the European Crypto Initiative, the Electronic Money Association and the International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications.
The trade groups requested a “no-action” period of six months. In other words, a hold on enforcement activity so firms yet to receive authorization do not incur sanctions if they continue operating.
So far, ESMA has denied the request, but the MiCA deadline will be considered at a meeting on Dec. 11. While the stay of enforcement is unpalatable, ESMA may be gearing up to offer “guidance” on timing, according to a person familiar with the matter. ESMA declined to comment.
Faced with no alternatives other than an inevitable registration backlog, some firms could be forced to halt crypto operations, Blockchain for Europe’s Kopitsch said.
“If you don’t have a license by a certain date you need to basically stop your services in Europe,” Kopitsch said. “Imagine what that means. Very bad for business and users will be upset. And it doesn’t make the EU look good.”
Kopitsch identified Ireland, Portugal, Poland and Spain as countries struggling to meet the deadline. Three other people, who asked to remain anonymous, agreed, with Italy, Malta, Cyprus, Lithuania and Belgium also mentioned.
Legislation takes time
Despite being relatively advanced when it comes to crypto asset regulation, even Germany was mentioned by the Electronic Money Association as a place experiencing problems. The reason being that Germany’s existing crypto framework needs new legislation to meet the MiCA specifications, a process that can take time. Malta also has a crypto regime that needs to be aligned with MiCA, the EMA said.
“It’s a political process and a legislative process,” Helmut Bauer, a consultant with the Electronic Money Association, said in an interview. “My understanding is that this has posed a problem for Germany and that process has been delayed. The BaFIN seems to be fairly up to speed, but has to await the legislation.”
BaFIN, Germany’s financial regulator, allows banks to custody crypto assets under a framework that was initially based on the Markets in Financial Instruments (MiFID) rules.
National regulators also identified the legislative procedure as being the bottleneck in implementation, pointing a finger at their governments.
In Poland, the Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) said the Ministry of Finance is coordinating the process and responsible for meeting the deadlines.
“The draft of the Polish act on the crypto-asset market crypto-assets received a positive opinion on compliance with EU law and is currently in the European Affairs Committee,» a spokesperson for the KNF said via email. «We are aware that the act should be passed by the end of the year, but the Polish Financial Supervision Authority has no direct influence on this […] Poland is not the only country that has not yet passed a national act and the challenges faced by member states are similar.”
The Portuguese Securities Market Commission said via email: “The legislative proposal that implements the responsibilities arising from the European MiCA Regulation, as well as the allocation of powers between the CMVM and the Portuguese Central Bank (Banco de Portugal), falls under the jurisdiction of the Portuguese Government and is currently under consideration by the Government.”
A spokesperson for Belgium’s FSMA said via email: “As a (political) decision on the designation of the competent authorities for MiCA is pending, the FSMA cannot give any input for your questions.”
As for the Central Bank of Ireland, it encourages early engagement from applicants and is engaged in a pre-application process with a number of firms that are seeking authorization under MiCA.
“The progression of a firm through to the next stage of the process for a CASP application will be dependent on the nature, scale and complexity of the firm and the extent of preparedness of the applicant,» a central bank spokesperson said by email. «In general, based on our experience, the best-prepared firms, willing to engage transparently in all stages of the authorisation process, proceed through the process more efficiently.”
A spokesman for Italy’s financial regulator, Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa (CONSOB), said via email: “At this stage your question should be asked to ESMA rather than to Consob as a national authority.”
Germany, Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Romania did not reply by press time.
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Can Bitcoin Benefit From Trump Firing Powell? Turkey’s Lira Crisis May Provide Clues

The week has begun on an interesting note, with the U.S. dollar crashing to three-year lows alongside losses on Wall Street, yet bitcoin, which usually follows the sentiment on Wall Street, stands tall.
This could just be the beginning.
The shift away from the USD and toward seizure and censorship-resistant assets like BTC and stablecoins could accelerate if President Donald Trump follows through with his reported plans to fire Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, which have pushed the DXY and U.S. stock markets lower today.
That’s the lesson from Turkey, which has seen its currency, the lira (TRY), collapse over the years mainly due to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s repeated interference in the central bank’s operations. The sliding lira has triggered a capital flight into BTC and stablecoins since at least 2020-21.
Trump’s issues with the Fed
Trump has feuded publicly with the Federal Reserve and its chairman, Jerome Powell, for years, criticizing Powell for being too late on rate cuts even during his first term when interest rates were way lower than today.
However, Trump’s criticism has recently reached a fever pitch with reports suggesting he is looking for ways to get rid of Powell, who recently warned of stagflation even as the President reiterated calls for lower borrowing costs while suggesting there is no inflation.
Powell’s patient approach follows a trade war-led spike in survey-based measures of inflation expectations, which could always become self-fulfilling.
Still, on Monday, Trump went further, calling Powell a «major loser» and warning that the economy could slow down unless interest rates are immediately lowered.
Lesson From Turkey
Erdogan began interfering in the central bank’s operations in 2019, and since then, the lira has collapsed sevenfold from 5.3 per dollar to 38 per dollar.
It all started with Turkey’s inflation rate reaching double digits in 2017. It remained elevated in the subsequent year, which prompted the country’s central bank to increase the one-week repo rate from 17.5% to 24% in September 2018.
The move likely didn’t go well with Erodgan, who issued the first decree dismissing Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) governor Murat Cetinkaya in July 2019. From then on until the end of 2021, Erdogan issued multiple decrees dismissing and hiring several CBT officials. Amid all this, inflation remained elevated, and the lira continued to depreciate at an alarming rate.
«We certainly don’t believe in high interest rates. We will pull down inflation and exchange rates with low-rate policy … High rates make the rich richer, the poor poorer. We won’t let that happen,» Erdogan said in 2021.
As of 2025, Turkey faces an inflation rate of nearly 40%, according to data source TradingEconomics.
This episode serves as a cautionary tale for Trump, highlighting that tampering with central bank independence — especially in the face of looming inflation — can erode investor confidence and send the domestic currency into a tailspin.
This does not necessarily mean that the USD will crash exactly like lira but may see significant devaluation.
Perhaps it could prove even more destabilizing for global markets, considering the dollar is a global reserve currency, and the U.S. Treasury market is the bedrock for international finance.
If better sense fails to prevail, U.S. investors may feel incentivized to move away from U.S. assets and into BTC and other alternative investments, just as Turks did.
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Bitcoin Holding Near $87k While Stocks Slump a ‘Strong Sign’ of Maturing BTC Sentiment

Bitcoin (BTC) is taking a stand even as the broader stock market keeps sliding down to its tariff-related lows on Easter Monday.
The top cryptocurrency is up 2.3% in the last 24 hours and now trading for $86,800 for the first time since April 3—the day after the Trump administration unveiled its new tariff policy. Mainly buoyed by bitcoin, the broader market gauge CoinDesk 20 Index has risen 1.17% in the same period of time, with most tokens relatively unchanged.
Crypto-linked stocks have also remained stable, with Coinbase (COIN) and Strategy (MSTR) down 1.2% and 1.3% respectively, and major bitcoin miners such as MARA Holdings (MARA), Riot Platforms (RIOT), and Core Scientific (CORZ) slumping between 2% and 3%.
The crypto market’s resilience is noteworthy considering that the S&P 500, Nasdaq, and Dow Jones have gone lower by 3.35%, 3.5% and 3.27% respectively, making their way back down to the tariff-related lows of two weeks ago.
Gold, meanwhile, is up 2.9% and is now trading for $3,400, while the DXY (an index that measures the strength of the dollar against a basket of other currencies) reached its lowest level in three years.
“Was today’s tandem rally in bitcoin and gold merely holiday-driven noise, or a meaningful shift towards bitcoin as a safe-haven asset? The latter would mark a material change in how traditional finance views bitcoin,» analysts at crypto trading firm QCP Capital wrote.
«With Europe still on holiday, market confirmation may take a few more sessions. The correlation between bitcoin, gold and equities is one to watch closely.»
Meanwhile, Lawrence McDonald, former head of U.S. Macro Strategy at French investment bank Société Générale, said that it may be time to sell gold in favor of bitcoin.
“Bitcoin has NEVER held up this well with a VIX near 30,” he posted on X, calling bitcoin’s resilience a game-changer. “This is a strong sign of a maturing bitcoin market (good news) and colossal encroaching fiat currency stress, USD.”
The weakness of stocks and the U.S. dollar, put into perspective with bitcoin and gold’s strength, may be due to investors’ concerns about Trump potentially looking to fire Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell.
Earlier on Monday, U.S. President Donald Trump continued putting pressure on Powell, whom he called a “major loser” in a Truth Social post, sending an already shaky stock market even lower.
Trump demanded that Powell and his team lower interest rates “NOW,” arguing that there is currently “virtually no inflation” and that costs for many things are declining. Nevertheless, Trump said there’s a threat that the economy will slow down unless the Fed cuts rates.
Powell’s term, which started when he was appointed by Trump himself during his first four years in the Oval Office, is set to end in May 2026, but Trump has been trying to find a legal way to fire Powell beforehand.
The Fed Chair has previously argued that there is no possible way for the U.S. President to remove him under the law.
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Vitalik Buterin Proposes Replacing Ethereum’s EVM With RISC-V

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin shared a new proposal over the weekend that would radically overhaul the system that powers its smart contracts.
Buterin’s suggestion, which he posted on Ethereum’s primary developer forum, involves replacing the Ethereum Virtual Machine, the software engine that powers programs on the network, with RISC-V, a popular open-source framework that offers built-in encryption and other benefits. .
The EVM is a key piece of Ethereum’s underlying design and has been seen as one of the main elements that helped the network succeed in a crowded field of other blockchains. Many non-Ethereum networks have used the EVM to build their own chains, as has a growing ecosystem of layer-2 networks built atop Ethereum, including Coinbase’s Base chain.
The EVM has long played an essential role in Ethereum’s development. Other chains that use it can seamlessly connect with apps on Ethereum, and developers on EVM-based networks can transition more smoothly to building applications directly within the Ethereum ecosystem.
Buterin argued that transitioning Ethereum to a RISC-V architecture will “greatly improve the efficiency of the Ethereum execution layer, resolving one of the primary scaling bottlenecks, and can also greatly improve the execution layer’s simplicity.” (The execution layer is the part of the network that reads smart contracts.)
The RISC-V architecture, which has seen limited adoption in other blockchain ecosystems, like Polkadot, could offer «efficiency gains over 100x» for certain kinds of applications, according to Buterin. These improvements could reduce the network’s costs — long seen as a major barrier to adoption.
Among the primary benefits of RISC-V is its native support for certain kinds of encryption. Transitioning to the new architecture could, in Buterin’s view, be a simpler alternative to the community’s current plan, which involves rebuilding the EVM around zero-knowledge cryptography.
Buterin’s proposal is something developers would tackle over the long term, comparable to projects like the Beam Chain, which is looking to revamp Ethereum’s consensus layer.
The RISC-V comes at a time of broader soul-searching for the Ethereum community. Recently, transaction volumes have declined, and Ethereum’s token has lagged behind the broader market.
Earlier this year, the Ethereum Foundation, the primary non-profit that supports the development of the broader Ethereum ecosystem, underwent a leadership transition in an attempt to remedy the impression among community members that the ecosystem lacked a clear roadmap and was losing its lead compared to competitors.
Read more: Top Ethereum Researcher’s Dramatic Proposal Draws Standing-Room-Only Crowd in Bangkok
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