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Crypto’s Estate Planning Problem: A Wake-Up Call

As 2024 draws to a close, cryptocurrency stands at a turning point. Bitcoin has crossed the $100,000 mark and digital assets have solidified their place in investment portfolios of all sizes. Yet, amid these milestones, a critical, yet overlooked issue remains: the estate planning challenges unique to cryptocurrency and other digital assets.
A Looming Crisis: Estate Planning in a Digital Era
Unlike traditional assets, cryptocurrencies and digital assets operate outside established estate planning frameworks. Their decentralized nature, reliance on private keys, and pseudonymity make them revolutionary. Butwithout proper planning, crypto holdings can be lost forever, become embroiled in legal disputes, or heavily taxed.
This vulnerability is not hypothetical. Chainalysis reports that nearly 20% of all bitcoin is lost or stranded, much of it likely due to the misplacement of private keys or owners dying without a plan for the now-valuable assets transferring to their heirs. As billions of dollars in digital wealth continues to accumulate, the risks tied to inadequate planning grow exponentially.
With the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 set to sunset in 2025, legal frameworks surrounding wealth transfer may undergo significant changes (while Congress appears likely to act, it is not assured). For cryptocurrency holders, this moment represents both a wake-up call and an opportunity to reassess their plans to protect and pass on digital assets to future generations.
2025 Tax Law Changes: A Catalyst for Action
The TCJA temporarily doubled the federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer (GST) tax exemptions, allowing individuals to transfer up to $13.99 million, tax-free, in 2025. Without new legislation, however, these exemptions will revert to approximately $7 million per individual on January 1, 2026 (adjusted for inflation). This reduction will subject a greater share of estates to federal taxes, making planning for cryptocurrency even more urgent.
Additionally, the IRS’s new reporting requirements for digital assets, which will go into effect on January 1, 2025, will increase reporting requirements and scrutiny. Pursuant to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Congress has allocated billions of dollars to the IRS, including a bolstering of the agency’s staff and an increased focus on the pursuit of crypto enforcement.
Legal Strategies for Cryptocurrency Estate Planning
To address these challenges and seize opportunities before the tax law changes, cryptocurrency holders should consider these strategies:
1. Draft Digital Asset-Specific Estate Plans
Traditional wills and trusts often fall short when dealing with cryptocurrency. Comprehensive estate plans must create a succession plan, including instructions for accessing private keys, wallets, and recovery phrases (without creating security vulnerabilities). A secure, regularly updated inventory of digital assets is critical to ensure heirs can locate, access and manage holdings effectively.
2. Capitalize on Gift Exclusions and Lifetime Gifting
With the current high exemption levels, now is the time to transfer digital assets out of taxable estates. Gifting cryptocurrency to heirs or placing it in irrevocable trusts can lock in tax savings before exemptions are reduced in 2026. Charitable remainder trusts also allow for tax-advantaged transfers, benefiting both heirs and philanthropic causes.
Additionally, the annual gift tax exclusion will rise to $19,000 per recipient in 2025. Married couples can gift up to $38,000 per recipient tax-free. Regular use of these exclusions allows incremental reductions of taxable estates over time.
3. Embrace Multi-Signature Wallets and Collaborative Custody
Strategic use of multi-signature wallets and collaborative custody can enhance both security and estate planning. By collaborating with multiple parties (such as an executor and trusted family members) to authorize transactions, these wallets prevent unauthorized access while ensuring heirs can access funds when needed.
4. Move Digital Assets to LLCs or Establish Asset Protection Trusts
Placing cryptocurrency in an LLC and transferring ownership to a trust can shield assets from creditors and legal claimants. This structure also bypasses probate courts, ensuring a smoother transition to heirs while safeguarding wealth from lawsuits or creditor claims.
5. Stay Ahead of Regulatory Changes
The IRS’s rules on cryptocurrency transactions are rapidly evolving and will demand more meticulous record-keeping and compliance measures. Sophisticated tools and legal and accounting expertise will be crucial to navigate this environment and ensure tax-efficient wealth transfers.
Looking Forward to 2025
This year underscored the transformative potential of cryptocurrency as an investment class — but also exposed its vulnerabilities. Estate planning remains an afterthought for many crypto holders, even as the value of digital assets climbs and tax law changes loom on the horizon. For 2025, the crypto community must confront these realities. Regulators, estate planners, accountants, financial advisors and investors alike need to prioritize creating and implementing solutions that address the unique challenges of the rise of digital wealth.
A Call to Action
The close of 2024 is not just a moment to celebrate cryptocurrency’s successes but also a chance to prepare for its future. By taking proactive steps now — whether through establishing estate plans, creating trusts, or implementing gifting strategies — investors can secure their digital wealth and pass it on as a lasting legacy.
As the saying goes, failing to plan is planning to fail. For cryptocurrency holders, 2025 offers a rare window to act decisively before tax laws change and vulnerabilities deepen. The time to protect your digital fortune is now.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax or financial advice. Consult with qualified professionals for personalized guidance.
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Mike Novogratz’s Galaxy Digital Swaps $100M ETH for SOL, On-Chain Data Shows

Mike Novogratz’s Galaxy Digital has apparently swapped $100 million worth of ether (ETH) for solana’s SOL.
According to Wu Blockchain, on-chain data suggests that Galaxy has swapped out a considerable amount of its ETH holdings for SOL. Over the last two weeks, Galaxy has transferred 65,600 ETH – or about $105 million – to Binance and has withdrawn 752,240 SOL (approximately $98.37 million).
Galaxy may have made the move because ETH continues to be in «structural decline» according to a recent note from Standard Chartered, which slashed its year-end target price for the asset.
Data from an Arkham dashboard shows that the firm holds $87.9 million ETH versus $23.86 million SOL.
Galaxy did not immediately return a request for comment from CoinDesk.
Market data shows that in the last month, SOL is up 8% while ETH is down nearly 20%.
Standard Chartered estimated in its note that Base has cut $50 billion from its market cap, but also argued that tokenized real-world assets could help stabilize Ethereum.
Many blockchain metrics would support Standard Chartered’s thesis, as transactions on Solana have rocketed past Ethereum in the last three months.
A Dune dashboard shows that decentralized exchange (DEX) volume on Solana has moved past $500 billion in the last three months, while DEX volume on Ethereum is less than $400 billion. Active addresses on Solana are over 220 million while Ethereum and Ethereum Layer-2 addresses are just over 80 million.
One idea, first proposed by Tron’s Justin Sun, to reverse this «structural decline» of Ethereum has been a tax on Layer-2s.
«All collected taxes will be used to repurchase ETH and burn it in a fully decentralized manner,» he wrote on X. This idea, however, hasn’t been formalized into an Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) which would be the first step in it becoming reality.
Meanwhile, flow data from the Ether ETFs shows that investors moved nearly $600 million out of these listed products over the last two months.
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U.S. Derivatives Watchdog Weighs 24/7 Action With Crypto Oversight on Horizon

Bitcoin is the crypto sector’s top asset and is also universally defined by U.S. regulators and courts as a commodity, putting it under the jurisdiction of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. That agency is now seeking public comments on whether it should open the wider world of derivatives to around-the-clock trading, as already executed for bitcoin and other digital assets.
Though the CFTC is expected to be established as a crypto market regulator in Congress’ ongoing effort to establish industry rules, the agency’s invitation for comments issued on Monday doesn’t explicitly discuss digital assets oversight. The request notes that «technological advancements and market demand» are pushing CFTC-regulated firms toward being able to handle transactions at all times.
“As I have long said, the CFTC must take a forward-looking approach to shifts in market structure to ensure our markets remain vibrant and resilient while protecting all participants,” said Acting Chairman Caroline Pham, in a statement. She was tapped by President Donald Trump to run the agency while it awaits the Senate confirmation of its chairman nominee, Brian Quintenz.
Trading without downtime presents a host of challenges for U.S. markets unaccustomed to it, according to the request, including «what governance frameworks, exchange staffing models and technologies would be necessary to ensure market integrity and operational resilience, as well as compliance with all core principles, under a continuous trading model.» Such an expansion would require firms to handle live maintenance and technology patches and human monitoring of the systems and markets during the extended hours, which are issues already long wrestled with by digital assets operations.
The CFTC would still need a change in law before it could have direct authority over actual spot-market trading of bitcoin and other tokens that aren’t eventually categorized as securities, which would get Securities and Exchange Commission oversight. If the agency is ultimately a major regulator of trading and of the platforms and firms that handle customers’ transactions, that’s a space in which 24-hour, seven-days-a-week activity is already the model.
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Can Bitcoin Benefit From Trump Firing Powell? Turkey’s Lira Crisis May Provide Clues

The week has begun on an interesting note, with the U.S. dollar crashing to three-year lows alongside losses on Wall Street, yet bitcoin, which usually follows the sentiment on Wall Street, stands tall.
This could just be the beginning.
The shift away from the USD and toward seizure and censorship-resistant assets like BTC and stablecoins could accelerate if President Donald Trump follows through with his reported plans to fire Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, which have pushed the DXY and U.S. stock markets lower today.
That’s the lesson from Turkey, which has seen its currency, the lira (TRY), collapse over the years mainly due to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s repeated interference in the central bank’s operations. The sliding lira has triggered a capital flight into BTC and stablecoins since at least 2020-21.
Trump’s issues with the Fed
Trump has feuded publicly with the Federal Reserve and its chairman, Jerome Powell, for years, criticizing Powell for being too late on rate cuts even during his first term when interest rates were way lower than today.
However, Trump’s criticism has recently reached a fever pitch with reports suggesting he is looking for ways to get rid of Powell, who recently warned of stagflation even as the President reiterated calls for lower borrowing costs while suggesting there is no inflation.
Powell’s patient approach follows a trade war-led spike in survey-based measures of inflation expectations, which could always become self-fulfilling.
Still, on Monday, Trump went further, calling Powell a «major loser» and warning that the economy could slow down unless interest rates are immediately lowered.
Lesson From Turkey
Erdogan began interfering in the central bank’s operations in 2019, and since then, the lira has collapsed sevenfold from 5.3 per dollar to 38 per dollar.
It all started with Turkey’s inflation rate reaching double digits in 2017. It remained elevated in the subsequent year, which prompted the country’s central bank to increase the one-week repo rate from 17.5% to 24% in September 2018.
The move likely didn’t go well with Erodgan, who issued the first decree dismissing Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) governor Murat Cetinkaya in July 2019. From then on until the end of 2021, Erdogan issued multiple decrees dismissing and hiring several CBT officials. Amid all this, inflation remained elevated, and the lira continued to depreciate at an alarming rate.
«We certainly don’t believe in high interest rates. We will pull down inflation and exchange rates with low-rate policy … High rates make the rich richer, the poor poorer. We won’t let that happen,» Erdogan said in 2021.
As of 2025, Turkey faces an inflation rate of nearly 40%, according to data source TradingEconomics.
This episode serves as a cautionary tale for Trump, highlighting that tampering with central bank independence — especially in the face of looming inflation — can erode investor confidence and send the domestic currency into a tailspin.
This does not necessarily mean that the USD will crash exactly like lira but may see significant devaluation.
Perhaps it could prove even more destabilizing for global markets, considering the dollar is a global reserve currency, and the U.S. Treasury market is the bedrock for international finance.
If better sense fails to prevail, U.S. investors may feel incentivized to move away from U.S. assets and into BTC and other alternative investments, just as Turks did.
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