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Crypto’s Estate Planning Problem: A Wake-Up Call

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As 2024 draws to a close, cryptocurrency stands at a turning point. Bitcoin has crossed the $100,000 mark and digital assets have solidified their place in investment portfolios of all sizes. Yet, amid these milestones, a critical, yet overlooked issue remains: the estate planning challenges unique to cryptocurrency and other digital assets.

A Looming Crisis: Estate Planning in a Digital Era

Unlike traditional assets, cryptocurrencies and digital assets operate outside established estate planning frameworks. Their decentralized nature, reliance on private keys, and pseudonymity make them revolutionary. Butwithout proper planning, crypto holdings can be lost forever, become embroiled in legal disputes, or heavily taxed.

This vulnerability is not hypothetical. Chainalysis reports that nearly 20% of all bitcoin is lost or stranded, much of it likely due to the misplacement of private keys or owners dying without a plan for the now-valuable assets transferring to their heirs. As billions of dollars in digital wealth continues to accumulate, the risks tied to inadequate planning grow exponentially.

With the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 set to sunset in 2025, legal frameworks surrounding wealth transfer may undergo significant changes (while Congress appears likely to act, it is not assured). For cryptocurrency holders, this moment represents both a wake-up call and an opportunity to reassess their plans to protect and pass on digital assets to future generations.

2025 Tax Law Changes: A Catalyst for Action

The TCJA temporarily doubled the federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer (GST) tax exemptions, allowing individuals to transfer up to $13.99 million, tax-free, in 2025. Without new legislation, however, these exemptions will revert to approximately $7 million per individual on January 1, 2026 (adjusted for inflation). This reduction will subject a greater share of estates to federal taxes, making planning for cryptocurrency even more urgent.

Additionally, the IRS’s new reporting requirements for digital assets, which will go into effect on January 1, 2025, will increase reporting requirements and scrutiny. Pursuant to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Congress has allocated billions of dollars to the IRS, including a bolstering of the agency’s staff and an increased focus on the pursuit of crypto enforcement.

Legal Strategies for Cryptocurrency Estate Planning

To address these challenges and seize opportunities before the tax law changes, cryptocurrency holders should consider these strategies:

1. Draft Digital Asset-Specific Estate Plans

Traditional wills and trusts often fall short when dealing with cryptocurrency. Comprehensive estate plans must create a succession plan, including instructions for accessing private keys, wallets, and recovery phrases (without creating security vulnerabilities). A secure, regularly updated inventory of digital assets is critical to ensure heirs can locate, access and manage holdings effectively.

2. Capitalize on Gift Exclusions and Lifetime Gifting

With the current high exemption levels, now is the time to transfer digital assets out of taxable estates. Gifting cryptocurrency to heirs or placing it in irrevocable trusts can lock in tax savings before exemptions are reduced in 2026. Charitable remainder trusts also allow for tax-advantaged transfers, benefiting both heirs and philanthropic causes.

Additionally, the annual gift tax exclusion will rise to $19,000 per recipient in 2025. Married couples can gift up to $38,000 per recipient tax-free. Regular use of these exclusions allows incremental reductions of taxable estates over time.

3. Embrace Multi-Signature Wallets and Collaborative Custody

Strategic use of multi-signature wallets and collaborative custody can enhance both security and estate planning. By collaborating with multiple parties (such as an executor and trusted family members) to authorize transactions, these wallets prevent unauthorized access while ensuring heirs can access funds when needed.

4. Move Digital Assets to LLCs or Establish Asset Protection Trusts

Placing cryptocurrency in an LLC and transferring ownership to a trust can shield assets from creditors and legal claimants. This structure also bypasses probate courts, ensuring a smoother transition to heirs while safeguarding wealth from lawsuits or creditor claims.

5. Stay Ahead of Regulatory Changes

The IRS’s rules on cryptocurrency transactions are rapidly evolving and will demand more meticulous record-keeping and compliance measures. Sophisticated tools and legal and accounting expertise will be crucial to navigate this environment and ensure tax-efficient wealth transfers.

Looking Forward to 2025

This year underscored the transformative potential of cryptocurrency as an investment class — but also exposed its vulnerabilities. Estate planning remains an afterthought for many crypto holders, even as the value of digital assets climbs and tax law changes loom on the horizon. For 2025, the crypto community must confront these realities. Regulators, estate planners, accountants, financial advisors and investors alike need to prioritize creating and implementing solutions that address the unique challenges of the rise of digital wealth.

A Call to Action

The close of 2024 is not just a moment to celebrate cryptocurrency’s successes but also a chance to prepare for its future. By taking proactive steps now — whether through establishing estate plans, creating trusts, or implementing gifting strategies — investors can secure their digital wealth and pass it on as a lasting legacy.

As the saying goes, failing to plan is planning to fail. For cryptocurrency holders, 2025 offers a rare window to act decisively before tax laws change and vulnerabilities deepen. The time to protect your digital fortune is now.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax or financial advice. Consult with qualified professionals for personalized guidance.

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Solana Plunges 14%, XRP, Dogecoin Down 8% as Crypto Market Sell-Off Worsens

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Crypto majors slid as much as 14% in the past 24 hours as a Monday sell-off extended into Tuesday amid generally bearish sentiment and the lack of actionable catalysts that may help support the market.

Solana’s SOL fell 14% — bringing 7-day losses to over 20% — while dogecoin (DOGE), xrp (XRP) and ether (ETH) fell more than 8%. Bitcoin lost the $92,000 level for the first time since late November, threatening a potential downside break of the multi-week consolidation between $90,000 and $110,000

Overall market capitalization fell 6.6%, while the broad-based CoinDesk 20 (CD20), a liquid index tracking the largest tokens, dropped more than 7%.

Traders said the current bearish sentiment could be overblown and macroeconomic decisions were key to support market growth.

“Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana shouldn’t be trading this far below their all time highs,” Jeff Mei, COO at crypto exchange BTSE, said in a Telegram message. “On the U.S. side, inflation concerns and a pause in Fed rate cuts have kept markets down, but this could change as weak economic data released last week could spur Fed officials to take further action.”

Augustine Fan, head of insights at SignalPlus, mirrored the sentiment: “The ‘slowdown’ narrative will likely dominate the narrative in the near term, with stocks and bonds trading back in positive tandem with correlation nearing the highs of the past 12 months.”

Fan explained that the «bad data is now good» once again, as markets refocus their attention on Fed eases, and provide tailwinds to both gold and BTC in the near future.

Data released early this month showed, the widely-watched Consumer Price Index (CPI) surged 0.5% month-over-month in January, much more than the expected 0.3% gain, sending investors to prefer cash positions or risk-off bets until clear signs of a government intervention to boost the economy.

The U.S. CPI measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. Changes in CPI readings tend to impact bitcoin, and the broader crypto market, as investors view the asset class as a hedge against inflation.

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FTT Briefly Spikes After Sam Bankman-Fried Tweets for First Time in 2 Years

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The token associated with defunct crypto exchange FTX surged briefly Monday night after Sam Bankman-Fried, the founder and onetime CEO of the platform tweeted for the first time in two years.

Bankman-Fried, who was convicted on seven different counts of fraud and conspiracy in November 2023, is serving out a 25-year prison sentence. He’s currently detained in the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn as his lawyers work through an appeal of his conviction. Still, his account on X (formerly Twitter) posted a 10-tweet thread about layoffs, seemingly referencing Elon Musk’s push to have federal employees email their work activities from the past week or risk resignations.

«I have a lot of sympathy for [government] employees: I, too, have not checked my email for the past few (hundred) days,» his thread began. FTT, the token associated with FTX, briefly spiked from roughly $1.55 to $2.07 after his tweets before falling back to around $1.78, according to CoinGecko.

Bankman-Fried does not have direct access to sites like X or email, but can send messages through the Corrlinks system, which lets prisoners in the U.S. communicate with others, a person familiar confirmed.

It was not immediately clear who might be posting the tweets on Bankman-Fried’s behalf.

Over the weekend, Musk, who according to court documents is a special government employee, tweeted that federal employees would have to tell the Office of Personnel and Management what they did last week, with a non-response being considered a resignation. While some federal agency heads or other leaders told their employees not to respond, others said their employees should reply.

It’s another step in Musk’s efforts to lay off broad swaths of the federal workforce at the behest of U.S. President Donald Trump.

Bankman-Fried’s tweets referenced layoffs and detailed circumstances that might cause an employer to fire employees.

«It isn’t the employee’s fault, when that happens. It isn’t their fault if their employer doesn’t really know what to do with them, or doesn’t really have anyone to effectively manage them. It isn’t their fault if internal politics lead their department to lose its way,» the thread said.

After Bankman-Fried’s tweets, another X account claiming without evidence to be him linked a contract address, claiming he received a pardon from Trump and now works for DOGE, the government entity that may or may not be led by Elon Musk. The linked token saw some immediate trading volume, according to on-chain data. The new, seemingly fake account has a label saying «it is a government or multilateral organization account,» suggesting a government agency account may have been compromised and renamed.

Read more: Private Jets, Political Cash Among $1B in Sam Bankman-Fried’s Forfeited Assets: Court

UPDATE (Feb. 25, 2025, 04:05 UTC): Adds information about SBF_DOGE account.

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Pump.Fun’s Rumored AMM Pivot a ‘Strategic Miscalculation,’ Says Raydium

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Solana’s dominant automated market maker (AMM) Raydium hit back Monday on rumors that major volume driver Pump.Fun was preparing to launch its own AMM.

Abandoning Raydium whole hog would be a «strategic miscalculation» for the massively popular — and profitable — memecoin factory, core contributor InfraRAY said in a post on X. He cast doubt on the notion that Pump.Fun could replicate its success if it swaps Raydium out for in-house trading infrastructure.

Token investors dumped RAY en-masse this weekend after hawkeyed observers noticed Pump.Fun was apparently testing its own AMM, presumably with the intent to replace Raydium’s longstanding liquidity pools as its platform of choice. Such a move would shake up the economics of decentralized token trading on Solana.

Right now, Raydium, the chain’s largest AMM platform, captures trading fees generated by Pump.Fun memecoins that «graduated» from the launchpad to its own pools. The arrangement — in place since Pump.Fun’s earliest days — has been a financial boon for Raydium

But it also leaves Pump.Fun out of the long-term upside of the tokens its users create. That’s not to say it’s making nothing: Pump.Fun has amassed half a billion dollars on the fees it collects from early-stage token launches, one of crypto’s grandest warchest.

Raydium is currently generating over $1 million in fees every day from trading across all its liquidity pools, not just those of Pump.fun tokens. That said, over 30% of Raydium’s daily trading volume comes from Pump.fun tokens, according to a Dune dashboard, meaning a good share of its fees could dry up if Pump.Fun switches away.

«100%, revenue hit is real,» InfraRAY said in a message to CoinDesk. But he cautioned that the market’s 30% haircut on RAY tokens was «overblown» and partially due to SOL’s own weakness.

He said any pivot to a new AMM could hit myriad issues: inadequate supporting infrastructure, low demand for migrated tokens, a flop on volume at launch.

«I think that’s a real risk they are overlooking but I could be wrong,» InfraRAY said.

Pump.Fun co-founder Alon Cohen declined to comment.

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