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Citi, Switzerland’s SDX Join Forces to Tokenize $75B Pre-IPO Shares Market

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Banking giant Citi and SIX Digital Exchange (SDX), the digital assets-focused arm of Switzerland’s main stock exchange, are teaming up to tokenize non-publicly traded shares in a move to streamline a $75 billion market that’s littered with PDFs and paper documents.

Citi will act as a custodian and issuer agent for tokenized versions of late stage, pre-IPO equities on SDX’s regulated blockchain-based Central Securities Depository (CSD) platform, the companies said on Tuesday.

Citi said the platform, which is expected to go live in the third quarter, will exclude U.S. investors, but is otherwise global with an initial focus on Switzerland, Singapore and other parts of Asia.

Private shares in high-growth, venture-backed companies are a large and appealing subset of an alternative asset class that’s valued in the trillions of dollars.

Firms with valuations of a billion dollars and more are remaining private for longer as market conditions dictate delays in IPOs for many. That means the companies are looking to secondary markets to help investors and employees get liquidity. But there’s an access problem, and the transactions themselves are manual and cumbersome.

“The most notable characteristic of private markets is that there is no infrastructure, at least nothing scalable,” Nisha Surendran, digital asset emerging solutions lead at Citi Ventures, said in an interview.

Investors are typically faced with a daunting set of PDFs and paper documents to get through, and the settlement of a transaction can take from five to eight weeks — a process that has to be repeated when the investor wants to exit the position, Surendran explained.

“These investments are also hampered by the fact they don’t flow into investors’ wealth statements like other public securities do. Rather, they end up encapsulated in PDFs or paper documents or on other platforms,” she said.

While recent years have seen many traditional financial institutions looking at the tokenization of real-world assets, the very early days of this trend saw lots of attention focused on blockchain-enabled private markets, but with little actually delivered.

SDX CEO David Newns said many hopeful Web3 projects, which saw blockchain rails as a way to streamline outdated processes and enable easy access and distribution for private markets, came up against regulatory hurdles.

“There’s a very mature digital-securities regulatory environment in Switzerland where we’ve been doing this now since 2021,” Newns said in an interview. “That isn’t the case elsewhere. The technology may have looked like it could address all the challenges, but problems around distribution, holding the instrument, and what that instrument represents legally from an investment perspective were not really solved.”

SDX’s blockchain-based securities depository is built on R3’s Corda distributed ledger technology. Investors get access through the dematerialized securities legal construct in Switzerland, via their broker and custodian, Newns said.

“It means effectively, they turn up in your bank account in the same way that a normal security does,” he said. “It doesn’t require that you as an investor do anything special to access these investment instruments.”

The announcement also marks Citi becoming a custodian on SDX, a move that reflects the bank’s strategy to provide clients with access to new digital asset markets globally including to private market assets, said Nadine Teychenne, Citi’s global head of digital assets, investor services and issuer services.

“This is part of a joined-up project across multiple businesses at Citi,” Teychenne said in an interview.

Digital asset banking group Sygnum and Singapore-based financial institution SBI Digital Markets will help with access to the pre-IPO equities that Citi will bring onto the SDX platform, according to a press release.

Read more: Citigroup Unveils Token Services for Institutional Clients

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Can Bitcoin Break Conference Curse at This Week’s Las Vegas Event?

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As bitcoin BTC enters this week’s Bitcoin Conference in Las Vegas priced at roughly a record high above $109,000, traders and analysts are closely watching whether it what’s become a trend of poor performance after these events.

Historical data compiled by Galaxy Research across five prior conferences from San Francisco in 2019 to Nashville in 2024 reveals that bitcoin has generally fared poorly both during and especially after these gatherings.

For example, the 2019 event saw a 10% decline during the conference and BTC went on to tumble 24% over the following month. The 2022 conference in Miami showed a similar trajectory: down 1% during the event and a steep 29% slide in the month after. Both of those instances, however, occurred in the middle of bear markets.

Even in bull market years like 2023, though, price action remained flat or slightly negative.

The most recent 2024 conference in Nashville in July — which featured then-presidential candidate Donald Trump promising a strategic bitcoin reserve — posted a 4% gain during the event, but a fast 20% decline shortly after, coinciding with the unwinding of the yen carry trade that triggered a broader risk-off move across global markets.

The setup this year — which is set to feature current Vice President J.D. Vance — could be materially different as institutional engagement is rising. Still, with historical data stacked against it, bitcoin faces a psychological hurdle as much as a technical one. Conference weeks have become sell-the-news moments.

BTCUSD Price Performance During and After BTC Conferences (Galaxy Research)

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Ethereum Surges 4% on Massive Volume as Institutional Interest Grows

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Ethereum ETH has staged an impressive recovery in the past 24 hours, climbing 3.8% amid significant market volatility. The second-largest cryptocurrency found solid support at $2,530, where exceptional trading volume (242,521 ETH) created a clear bottoming pattern.

This was followed by a decisive breakout during the early trading hours, supported by massive volume surges exceeding 550,000 ETH that pushed prices above key resistance levels.

The recent price action confirms a short-term trend reversal, with ETH now trading above $2,575 after establishing new local highs. Institutional interest remains robust, with spot Ethereum ETFs recording $248 million in total net inflows over the past week, suggesting growing confidence from larger investors despite relatively subdued retail participation.

Market analysts point to the $2,800 level as a critical resistance zone where many investors who previously bought at that level may look to exit at break-even. However, with ETH breaking out of its recent consolidation pattern and the broader crypto market showing signs of strength, bulls are now targeting the $2,650-$2,745 range as the next significant hurdle.

Technical Analysis

  • A clear bottoming pattern formed during the 01:00 hour with exceptionally high volume (242,521 ETH), establishing strong volume support.
  • A decisive breakout occurred during the 06:00-07:00 hours with massive volume surges (553,348 ETH and 221,502 ETH respectively).
  • The price action showed three distinct phases: initial consolidation (07:04-07:29), powerful breakout (07:30-07:32) with high volume spikes exceeding 7,000 ETH per minute, and sustained uptrend.
  • The $2,600 level is now established as a new support zone with momentum indicators suggesting potential for further upside toward $2,650.
  • High-volume support at $2,530 now serves as a critical floor for any retracements.

This technical analysis was conducted according to CoinDesk s research model analysing CoinDesk Data

Disclaimer: Parts of this article were generated with the assistance from AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy.

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SharpLink Gaming Soars 400% as Joseph Lubin’s Consensys Leads $425M Funding for ETH Treasury Strategy

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Shares of sports marketing company SharpLink (SBET) rose 412% on Tuesday after it announced plans to create an Ethereum ETH treasury reserve strategy with involvement from the blockchain’s own co-founder, Joseph Lubin.

The Minneapolis-based firm, founded in 1995, is currently trading at $34.45, up from $7 Friday, with a market cap now of $23 million.

The company is raising roughly $425 million though a private investment in public equity (PIPE) offering. The proceeds will be used to buy ether, which will then serve as the primary treasury reserve asset.

Ethereum software developer Consensys, which was also co-founded by Lubin, was the lead investor with further participation by Pantera Capital, Galaxy Digital, and Ondo, among smaller names.

The offering is expected to close on May 29th, according to the release. Lubin will become chairman of the board of directors upon the closing.

SharpLink joins an increasing number of microcap companies trying to mimic the success of Strategy (MSTR), the first company to adopt a bitcoin BTC treasury strategy, resulting in an over 3,000% increase of its share price over the past five years.

Along those lines, Trump Media & Technology Group (DJT) Tuesday morning announced a $2.5 billion capital raise to begin a bitcoin treasury strategy.

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