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Avalanche Blockchain’s Largest-Ever Upgrade Goes Live on Testnet

Avalanche, the eighth-largest blockchain by total value locked (TVL), is moving ahead with a major technical makeover.
The Avalanche9000 upgrade went live in a test network environment (testnet) Monday, bringing the changes one step closer to the main network (mainnet), the Avalanche Foundation said.
Avalanche9000 will be the largest upgrade that Avalanche has seen. It is designed to cut the costs of sending transactions, operating validators and building apps on the network, whose native token {{AVAX}} is the 11th-largest cryptocurrency, with a $16 billion market cap.
The foundation is trying to attract developers to Avalanche and encourage users to create customized blockchains using its technology, known as subnets. Somewhat confusingly, subnets are now officially referred to in the Avalanche community as «L1s,» even though they are roughly analogous to the layer-2, or L2, networks that augment Ethereum and other blockchains. (Avalanche’s «primary network,» the equivalent of a layer-1 in other ecosystems, is considered a subnet.)
The team is hoping to bring Avalanche9000 to mainnet by yearend. Also known as the Etna Upgrade, Avalanche9000 consists of seven proposals, but the two most significant changes are ACP-77 and ACP-125.
Roll your own
The ACP-77 proposal would allow for a new type of validator with which users can launch their own subnets. The new validators will be significantly cheaper to operate, lowering the barrier to entry. The validators will also be permissionless, meaning anyone, from the operator of a decentralized exchange to the developers of another blockchain, can spin one up.
“Before this upgrade, it wasn’t possible for a dYdX or Monad to use Avalanche to launch their own L1. And that was because all the chains were permissioned, and that was the only functionality that was available,” said Luigi D’Onorio Demeo, the chief operation officer of Ava Labs, the main developer firm behind Avalanche, in an interview with CoinDesk. “So after this upgrade, we can have a chain with thousands of validators that wasn’t possible before.”
The ACP-125 proposal would lower the base fee, or minimum cost of running computations, on the primary Avalanche network’s C-chain, the main chain that runs smart contracts, from 25 nAVAX (about $0.00000098) to 1 nAVAX ($0.00000004.) One nAVAX equals one-billionth of one AVAX. (Avalanche also has a P-chain where users can stake AVAX and operate validators and an X-chain which is used for sending and receiving funds.)
“This basically puts C-chain fees equivalent to Arbitrum and Polygon,” D’Onorio Demio said, referring to two of the leading L2s on the Ethereum chain.
Referral grants
In addition to Avalanche9000 going live on testnet, the blockchain’s grants program, Retro9000, opened up Monday for developers to register and start building subnets in the testing environment. The foundation will reward them retroactively when they launch those subnets on mainnet.
“We’d love to see people experiment with different types of infrastructure like staking contracts. We’d love to see people experiment by building their own L1s,” D’Onorio Demio told CoinDesk. “If you’re more in the market for building a chain, this is a great way to start.”
Retro9000 has $40 million in rewards to distribute, with $2 million designated for business development executives, influencer-investors («key opinion leaders«) and the like who refer others to build on Avalanche.
“For the referral component: the idea there is if you’re a KOL or a BD person, and you know people that are potentially viable to build this kind of stuff, they can list you as a referral. And you will be eligible to also receive parts of the $2 million as well in retroactive grants,” D’Onorio Demio said.
Read more: Avalanche Unveils $40M Grant Program Ahead of ‘Avalanche9000’ Upgrade
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Apex Group Buys Majority Stake in Tokenization Specialist Tokeny as RWA Trend Soars

Apex Group, a financial services provider with more than $3 trillion in assets under administration, said on Tuesday it had acquired a majority stake in Tokeny, a Luxembourg-based firm that helps institutions tokenize real-world assets (RWA) on public blockchains.
According to the deal, Apex expects to take full ownership of Tokeny over the next three years, after first investing in the company in late 2023, Apex said in a press release. The companies did not disclose the terms of the acquisition in the press release, and a spokesperson did not immediately return a request for comment.
The acquisition comes as more traditional financial firms are looking at tokenization as the next frontier in capital markets, using blockchain technology for moving assets like bonds, funds and other securities.
For institutional investors, the process promises simpler cross-border transactions, faster settlement and new liquidity channels. Tokenized assets could be a $18 trillion market by 2033, a report from BCG and Ripple last month projected.
«Tokenization is a foundational shift in how assets will be managed, distributed, and accessed,» Apex founder and CEO Peter Hughes said in a statement. «Our strengthened partnership with Tokeny is key to delivering on our vision to be the infrastructure provider in the digital era of finance.»
Tokeny’s infrastructure has already been used to tokenize over $32 billion in assets, supporting the full life cycle of tokenized securities — from issuance to transfer to compliance — and is best known for establishing ERC-3643, a widely used standard for compliant digital asset transfers, the press release said.
Apex said Tokeny’s team and tools will be brought in-house, and it aims to offer clients a turnkey infrastructure for blockchain-based finance, layering smart contracts and decentralized protocols on top of its traditional services.
Read more: Ripple, BCG Project $18.9T Tokenized Asset Market by 2033
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Sell in May? Bitcoin Tops $107K, Could Hit Record Highs This Summer Say Analysts

«Sell in May and go away,» goes the Wall Street adage for equity markets every summer. For bitcoin BTC, though, some analysts say this season could mark a break from tradition.
«As we get into the European summer months, the sense is it’s more likely a case of ‘buy in May and go away’ than any significant headwinds or selling pressure,» said Paul Howard, director at crypto trading firm Wincent in a market note.
A confluence of positive regulatory developments around digital assets in the U.S. and increasing institutional buying both via exchange-traded funds and spot allocation is poised to push BTC higher in the next months, Howard said.
U.S.-traded spot bitcoin ETFs, for example, pulled in $667 million in net inflows on Monday with BTC pausing just below its January record, underscoring persistent demand, he noted. The vehicles attracted $3.3 billion in May, per SoSoValue. On top of that, there’s been a flurry of companies joining Michael Saylor’s Strategy (MSTR) adding bitcoin to their treasury, financed by debt and stock issuances.
«As we edge closer to a $4 trillion market cap for digital assets, we will see BTC cross all-time-highs in the coming weeks,» Howard said. The total crypto market cap currently stands at around $3.3 trillion, per TradingView data.
Historically, summer months have been slow for crypto assets, but macro and political forces are also converging in ways that could disrupt the typical seasonal lull, analysts at crypto analytics firm Kaiko pointed out.
The Federal Reserve’s next interest rate decision in June will precede Donald Trump’s July 9 tariff deadline for trade partners, both of which could trigger market-wide volatility, the report said.
Bitcoin options markets are already flashing signs of investor anticipation, Kaiko analysts said. Strike prices at $110,000 and $120,000 for the June 27 expiry have drawn heavy volume, suggesting bets on BTC making a record-breaking move, the report noted.
Bitcoin briefly topped $107,000 during the Tuesday session, gaining 1.2% over the past 24 hours and trading just 2% below its January record high.
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NYC Mayor Eric Adams Creating Crypto Advisory Council

NEW YORK — The city of New York is launching a digital assets advisory council to bring fintech jobs into the Big Apple, Mayor Eric Adams announced Tuesday.
New York City is «open for business, he said at the start of a summit hosted at the mayor’s official residence, Gracie Mansion. The council will be composed of individuals from the industry, with a chair to be announced in the coming weeks.
«We want to use technology of tomorrow to better serve New Yorkers today,» Adams said in his opening remarks. «We have experts right here, and they are going to help us navigate solutions that serve our city. We are lucky to have this type of human capital right here in the city of New York.»
The summit, which included a public press conference followed by closed-door roundtables, had participants from both family offices and unicorn startups, said Richard Hecker of Traction and Scale, a logistics firm involved in the event.
Business interests aside, the city will explore putting birth and death records onto a blockchain to help New Yorkers’ next of kin easily access these types of documents, Adams said.
Andrew Durgee, the co-CEO of Republic, which backs other startups financially, noted that his firm remained in New York despite concerns about regulators and other issues, even as other firms left the country.
«Now the first time in 15 years, we’re in this scenario, we have no idea what it’s going to look like,» Durgee said. «You have now all these people, these smart, brilliant people now coming back to the U.S., and they’re looking for a place to land.»
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