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The Future Is AI-Centric, and Blockchains Need to Be as Well

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Every few decades, a new technology emerges that changes everything: the personal computer in the 1980s, the internet in the 1990s, the smartphone in the 2000s. And as AI agents ride a wave of excitement into 2025, and the tech world isn’t asking whether AI agents will similarly reshape our lives — it’s asking how soon.

But for all the excitement, the promise of decentralized agents remains unfulfilled. Most so-called agents today are little more than glorified chatbots or copilots, incapable of true autonomy and complex task-handling — not the autopilots real AI agents should be. So, what’s holding back this revolution, and how do we move from theory to reality?

The current reality: true decentralized agents don’t exist yet

Let’s start with what’s out there today. If you’ve been scrolling through X/Twitter, you’ve likely seen a lot of buzz around bots like Truth Terminal and Freysa. They’re clever, highly engaging thought experiments — but they’re not decentralized agents. Not even close. What they really are are semi-scripted bots wrapped in mystique, incapable of autonomous decision-making and task execution. As a result they can’t learn, adapt or execute dynamically, at scale or otherwise.

Even more serious players in the AI-blockchain space have struggled to deliver on the promise of truly decentralized agents. Because traditional blockchains have no “natural” way of processing AI, many projects end up taking shortcuts. Some narrowly focus on verification, ensuring AI outputs are credible but failing to provide any meaningful utility once those outputs are brought on-chain.

Others emphasize execution but skip the critical step of decentralizing the AI inference process itself. Often, these solutions operate without validators or consensus mechanisms for AI outputs, effectively sidestepping the core principles of blockchain. These stopgap solutions might create flashy headlines with a strong narrative and sleek Minimum Viable Product (MVP), but they ultimately lack the substance needed for real-world utility.

These challenges to integrating AI with blockchain come down to the fact that today’s internet is designed with human users in mind, not AI. This is especially true when it comes to Web3, since blockchain infrastructure, which is meant to operate silently in the background, is instead dragged to the front-end in the form of clunky user interfaces and manual cross-chain coordination requests. AI agents don’t adapt well to these chaotic data structures and UI patterns, and what the industry needs is a radical rethinking of how AI and blockchain systems are built to interact.

What AI agents need to succeed

For decentralized agents to become a reality, the infrastructure underpinning them needs a complete overhaul. The first and most fundamental challenge is enabling blockchain and AI to “talk” to each other seamlessly. AI generates probabilistic outputs and relies on real-time processing, while blockchains demand deterministic results and are constrained by transaction finality and throughput limitations. Bridging this divide necessitates custom-built infrastructure, which I’ll discuss further in the next section.

The next step is scalability. Most traditional blockchains are prohibitively slow. Sure, they work fine for human-driven transactions, but agents operate at machine speed. Processing thousands — or millions — of interactions in real time? No chance. Therefore, a reimagined infrastructure must offer programmability for intricate multi-chain tasks and scalability to process millions of agent interactions without throttling the network.

Then there’s programmability. Today’s blockchains rely on rigid, if-this-then-that smart contracts, which are great for straightforward tasks but inadequate for the complex, multi-step workflows AI agents require. Think of an agent managing a DeFi trading strategy. It can’t just execute a buy or sell order — it needs to analyze data, validate its model, execute trades across chains and adjust based on real-time conditions. This is far beyond the capabilities of traditional blockchain programming.

Finally, there’s reliability. AI agents will eventually be tasked with high-stakes operations, and mistakes will be inconvenient at best, and devastating at worst. Current systems are prone to errors, especially when integrating outputs from large language models (LLMs). One wrong prediction, and an agent could wreak havoc, whether that’s draining a DeFi pool or executing a flawed financial strategy. To avoid this, the infrastructure needs to include automated guardrails, real-time validation and error correction baked into the system itself.

All this should be combined into a robust developer platform with durable primitives and on-chain infrastructure, so developers can build new products and experiences more efficiently and cost-effectively. Without this, AI will remain stuck in 2024 — relegated to copilots and playthings that hardly scratch the surface of what’s possible.

A full-stack approach to a complex challenge

So what does this agent-centric infrastructure look like? Given the technical complexity of integrating AI with blockchain, the best solution is to take a custom, full-stack approach, where every layer of the infrastructure — from consensus mechanisms to developer tools — is optimized for the specific demands of autonomous agents.

In addition to being able to orchestrate real-time, multi-step workflows, AI-first chains must include a proving system capable of handling a diverse range of machine learning models, from simple algorithms to advanced AIs. This level of fluidity demands an omnichain infrastructure that prioritizes speed, composability and scalability to allow agents to navigate and operate within a fragmented blockchain ecosystem without any specialized adaptations.

AI-first chains must also address the unique risks posed by integrating LLMs and other AI systems. To mitigate this, AI-first chains should embed safeguards at every layer, from validating inferences to ensuring alignment with user-defined goals. Priority capabilities include real-time error detection, decision validation and mechanisms to prevent agents from acting on faulty or malicious data.

From storytelling to solution-building

2024 saw a lot of early hype around AI agents, and 2025 is when the Web3 industry will actually earn it. This all begins with a radical reimagining of traditional blockchains where every layer — from on-chain execution to the application layer — is designed with AI agents in mind. Only then will AI agents be able to evolve from entertaining bots to indispensable operators and collaborators, redefining entire industries and upending the way we think about work and play.

It is increasingly clear that businesses that prioritize genuine, powerful AI-blockchain integrations will dominate the scene, providing valuable services that would be impossible to deploy on a traditional chain or Web2 platform. Within this competitive backdrop, the shift from human-centric systems to agent-centric ones isn’t optional; it’s inevitable.

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Crypto Daybook Americas: Bitcoin Reasserts Itself as Stocks, Bonds Fall, Gold Hits Record High

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By James Van Straten (All times ET unless indicated otherwise)

«There are decades where nothing happens; and there are weeks where decades happen.» Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Few quotes better capture the current turbulence in global markets. For decades, the classic portfolio of 60% equities and 40% bonds was considered the cornerstone of balanced investing. This allocation typically offered protection in downturns through bonds, while equities drove returns in times of economic growth.

We saw this play out during crises like 2008 and 2020, when iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT) surged amid global uncertainty. Today, that dynamic has been upended. With persistent geopolitical tension ignited by President Donald Trump’s tariffs, stubborn inflation and slowing growth, Treasury yields have climbed and bond prices fallen. TLT is now down some 50% from its 2020 highs.

The equity side of the portfolio isn’t faring much better. U.S. stocks are underperforming, caught in what some are calling a broader «Sell America» trade. Even the dollar, which typically strengthens in risk-off environments, is weakening as capital flows shift toward the yen and euro.

In this new regime, alternative assets are taking center stage. Gold has surged to $3,500 an ounce for the first time, cementing its role as a haven. To underscore its meteoric rise: the precious metal has added about $6 trillion in market cap this year, triple the market cap of bitcoin (BTC) at its all-time high. Gold ETF inflows, measured over a 90-day rolling period, are approaching 9 million ounces, the biggest surge since 2022 and among the largest in the past decade.

Bitcoin, while lagging behind gold, is also reasserting itself. It has reached new highs in dominance within the crypto market and is beginning to diverge from U.S. tech stocks. It’s increasingly behaving like an uncorrelated asset, valuable in a diversified portfolio. This Friday, $6.7 billion in bitcoin options are set to expire, including $330 million in call options at the $100,000 strike price, setting the stage for a potentially volatile final week of April. Stay alert!

What to Watch

  • Crypto:
    • April 22: The Lyora upgrade goes live on the Injective (INJ) mainnet.
    • April 25, 1 p.m.: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Crypto Task Force Roundtable on «Key Considerations for Crypto Custody«.
    • April 28: Enjin Relaychain increases active validator slots to 25 from 15, to enhance decentralization.
    • April 29, 1:05 a.m.: BNB Chain (BNB) — BSC mainnet hardfork.
    • April 30, 9:30 a.m.: ProShares expects its XRP ETF, offering exposure through futures and swap agreements, to begin trading on NYSE Arca.
    • April 30, 10:03 a.m.: Gnosis Chain (GNO), an Ethereum sister chain, will activate the Pectra hard fork on its mainnet at slot 21,405,696, epoch 1,337,856.
  • Macro
    • Day 2 of 6: World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) spring meetings in Washington.
    • April 22, 8:30 p.m.: Statistics Canada releases March producer price inflation data.
      • PPI MoM Est. 0.3% vs. Prev. 0.4%
      • PPI YoY Prev. 4.9%
    • April 22, 6 p.m.: Fed Governor Adriana D. Kugler will deliver a speech titled «Transmission of Monetary Policy.»
    • April 23, 8 a.m.: Mexico’s National Institute of Statistics and Geography releases retail sales data.
      • Retail Sales MoM Prev. 0.6%
      • Retail Sales YoY Prev. 2.7%
    • April 23, 9:45 a.m.: S&P Global releases (flash) U.S. April purchasing managers’ index (PMI) data.
      • Composite PMI Prev. 53.5
      • Manufacturing PMI Est. 49.4 vs. Prev. 50.2
      • Services PMI Est. 52.8 vs. Prev. 54.4
  • Earnings (Estimates based on FactSet data)
    • April 22: Tesla (TSLA), post-market
    • April 30: Robinhood Markets (HOOD), post-market
    • May 1: Block (XYZ), post-market

Token Events

  • Governance votes & calls
  • Unlocks
    • April 30: Optimism (OP) to unlock 1.89% of its circulating supply worth $21.83 million.
    • May 1: Sui (SUI) to unlock 2.28% of its circulating supply worth $170.93 million.
    • May 1: ZetaChain (ZETA) to unlock 5.67% of its circulating supply worth $10.46 million.
    • May 2: Ethena (ENA) to unlock 0.73% of its circulating supply worth $11.92 million.
    • May 7: Kaspa (KAS) to unlock 0.56% of its circulating supply worth $13 million.
    • May 9: Movement (MOVA) to unlock 2.04% of its circulating supply worth $11.23 million.
  • Token Launches
    • April 22: Hyperlane to airdrop its HYPER tokens.
    • April 22: BNB to be listed on Kraken.
    • April 23: Zora to airdrop its ZORA tokens.
    • April 24: Initia (INIT) to be listed on Binance, CoinW, WEEX, KuCoin, MEXC, and others.

Conferences:

Token Talk

By Shaurya Malwa

  • Pope Francis’ death on Easter Monday triggered significant activity in crypto markets and prediction platforms as traders aimed to capitalize on the news.
  • LUCE, a Solana-based memecoin tied to the Vatican’s Holy Year 2025 mascot, surged 45% in value, reaching $0.013, according to CoinGecko data.
  • Daily trading volume in the token skyrocketed to $60.27 million from $5 million the previous day, despite the price being down 95% from its November peak of 30 cents.
  • Although unaffiliated with the Vatican, LUCE has attracted around 44,800 holders.
  • Meanwhile, a Polymarket bet on who will be the next pope has attracted over $3.5 million in volumes since going live on Dec. 31, with over 18 candidates in the mix.
  • As of Tuesday morning, Pietro Parolin leads odds at 37%, followed by Luis Antonio Tagle at 23% and Matteo Zuppi at 11%.

Derivatives Positioning

  • HBAR, XLM and TRX have seen the most growth in perpetual futures open interest among major tokens in the past 24 hours. However, only TRX has seen a positive cumulative volume delta, implying an influx of new money predominantly on the bullish side.
  • BTC’s open interest in has increased to 695K BTC, the most since March 25. ETH’s open interest held shy of the recent record above 11.9 million ETH.
  • Perpetual funding rates for most major tokens remain marginally positive in a sign of cautiously bullish sentiment.
  • On Deribit, BTC’s short and near-dated calls are now trading at par or a slight premium to puts, another sign of renewed bullishness. ETH puts, however, continue to trade at a premium to calls.
  • Block options flows have been muted on Paradigm, with calendar spreads and April put spreads lifted in BTC and ETH.

Market Movements:

  • BTC is up 1.45% from 4 p.m. ET Monday at $88,539.04 (24hrs: +1.16%)
  • ETH is up 3.43% at $1,628.60 (24hrs: -0.84%)
  • CoinDesk 20 is up 1.49% at 2,544.64 (24hrs: -0.3%)
  • Ether CESR Composite Staking Rate is up 3 bps at 2.98%
  • BTC funding rate is at -0.0058% (-2.1353% annualized) on Binance

CoinDesk 20 members’ performance

  • DXY is up 0.1% at 98.38
  • Gold is up 4.28% at $3,456.97/oz
  • Silver is up 0.5% at $32.57/oz
  • Nikkei 225 closed -0.17% at 34,220.60
  • Hang Seng closed +0.78% at 21,562.32
  • FTSE is up 0.49% at 8,315.81
  • Euro Stoxx 50 is down 0.28% at 4,922.48
  • DJIA closed on Monday -2.48% at 38,170.41
  • S&P 500 closed -2.36% at 5,158.20
  • Nasdaq closed -2.55% at 15,870.90
  • S&P/TSX Composite Index closed -0.76% at 24,008.86
  • S&P 40 Latin America closed unchanged at 2,384.47
  • U.S. 10-year Treasury rate is unchanged at 4.42%
  • E-mini S&P 500 futures are up 0.98% at 5,235.75
  • E-mini Nasdaq-100 futures are up 1.02% at 18,105.00
  • E-mini Dow Jones Industrial Average Index futures are up 0.87% at 38,660.00

Bitcoin Stats:

  • BTC Dominance: 64.39% (-0.09%)
  • Ethereum to bitcoin ratio: 0.01839 (1.88%)
  • Hashrate (seven-day moving average): 840 EH/s
  • Hashprice (spot): $45.0 PH/s
  • Total Fees: 6.56BTC / $572,645
  • CME Futures Open Interest: 139,765 BTC
  • BTC priced in gold: 25.5 oz
  • BTC vs gold market cap: 7.22%

Technical Analysis

Gold's monthly price chart. (TradingView/CoinDesk)

  • If you feel gold’s rally is overstretched or overdone, think again.
  • The ratio between gold’s spot price and its 200-day simple moving average, currently 1.3, is well below highs seen in 2011-2012 when the yellow metal rose to its then-record price of $2,000.
  • The ratio went as high as 5.80 in the 1980.
  • Bitcoin tends to follow gold with a lag of couple of months.

Crypto Equities

  • Strategy (MSTR): closed on Monday at $317.76 +0.18%), up 2.02% at $324.19 in pre-market
  • Coinbase Global (COIN): closed at $175 (-0.02%), up 1% at $176.75
  • Galaxy Digital Holdings (GLXY): closed at C$15.38 (+0.13%)
  • MARA Holdings (MARA): closed at $12.29 (-2.92%), up 2.36% at $12.59
  • Riot Platforms (RIOT): closed at $6.29 (-2.63%), up 2.07% at $6.42
  • Core Scientific (CORZ): closed at $6.39 (-3.62%)
  • CleanSpark (CLSK): closed at $7.47 (-0.53%), up 2.68% at $7.67
  • CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Miners ETF (WGMI): closed at $11.74 (-2.49%)
  • Semler Scientific (SMLR): closed at $29.83 (-8.17%)
  • Exodus Movement (EXOD): closed at $36.59 (+0.03%), unchanged in pre-market

ETF Flows

Spot BTC ETFs:

  • Daily net flow: $381.3 million
  • Cumulative net flows: $35.86 billion
  • Total BTC holdings ~ 1.11 million

Spot ETH ETFs

  • Daily net flow: -$25.4 million
  • Cumulative net flows: $2.24 billion
  • Total ETH holdings ~ 3.30 million

Source: Farside Investors

Overnight Flows

Chart of the Day

Prices for eggs and financial assets, including BTC, since 2024. (Artemis, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)

  • The chart shows the price of eggs in the U.S. has increased by over 200% since 2024, outperforming BTC’s 100% surge. Gold and the S&P 500 have gained 46% and 21%, respectively, over the same period.
  • In other words, asset price growth has failed to compensate holders for the inflation on Main Street.

While You Were Sleeping

In the Ether

The market no longer knows what to believe.There are now 72 #crypto-themed ETFs waiting on #SEC approvalYou guys coming?No Second Best?For context, about 32k tokens were launched on pumpfun yesterday.

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Bitcoin Closing In on Historic Breakout vs Nasdaq

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Bitcoin (BTC) is on the cusp of breaking out relative to the Nasdaq 100 Composite, with the current BTC/Nasdaq ratio sitting at 4.96. This means it now takes nearly five Nasdaq units to match the value of one bitcoin. The previous record of 5.08 was set in January 2025, when bitcoin hit its all-time high of over $109,000.

Historically, each market cycle has seen the ratio reach new highs—2017, 2021, and now 2025—highlighting bitcoin’s continued outperformance against the Nasdaq.

Across multiple timeframes, bitcoin is increasingly diverging from U.S. tech stocks. Year-to-date, bitcoin is down just 6%, compared to the Nasdaq’s 15% decline. Since Donald Trump’s election victory in November 2024, bitcoin has rallied 30%, while the Nasdaq has fallen 12%.

When measured against the «Magnificent Seven» mega-cap tech stocks, bitcoin remains around 20% below its all-time high from February this year. This indicates that while bitcoin has shown strength, the top tech names are holding up better than the broader Nasdaq Composite.

Strategy (MSTR), a well-known proxy for bitcoin exposure, is also holding up better than the U.S tech stocks. Since joining the QQQ ETF on Dec. 23, MSTR is down 11%, while the ETF itself has dropped over 16%. The divergence has become more pronounced in 2025: MSTR is up 6% year-to-date, compared to QQQ’s 15% decline.

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Bitcoin Runs Into Resistance Cluster Above $88K. What Next?

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This is a daily technical analysis by CoinDesk analyst and Chartered Market Technician Omkar Godbole.

Bitcoin’s (BTC) bullish advance has encountered a resistance zone above $88,000, marked by crucial levels that could make or break the ongoing recovery rally.

The resistance cluster’s first and perhaps most critical level is the 200-day simple moving average (SMA) at $88,356. The SMA is widely regarded as a key indicator of long-term momentum. Early this month, Coinbase institutional analysts called the downside break of the 200-day SMA in March a sign of the onset of a potential crypto winter.

So, a fresh move above the 200-day SMA could be taken to represent a renewed bullish shift in momentum.

Such a move would trigger a dual breakout, as the Ichimoku cloud’s upper end is located close to the 200-day SMA. A move above the Ichimoku cloud is also said to reflect a bullish shift in momentum.

Developed by a Japanese journalist in the 1960s, the Ichimoku cloud is a technical analysis indicator that offers a comprehensive view of market momentum, support, and resistance levels. The indicator comprises five lines: Leading Span A, Leading Span B, Conversion Line or Tenkan-Sen (T), Base Line or Kijun-Sen (K) and a lagging closing price line. The difference between Leading Span A and B forms the Ichimoku Cloud.

The third and final level forming the resistance cluster is the high of $88,804 on March 24, from where the market turned lower and fell back to $75,000.

BTC's daily chart. (TradingView/CoinDesk)

A make-or-break resistance zone?

Behavioural aspects of trading come into play when an asset approaches a resistance zone, especially at key levels like the 200-day SMA and the Ichimoku cloud.

Prospect theory suggests that people are typically risk-averse with respect to gains and risk-seeking with respect to losses, known as the “reflection effect.» So, as traders, people tend to be risk-averse while locking in profits and keep losing trades open.

This tendency is amplified when an asset encounters a significant resistance zone. Traders who entered the bitcoin market around $75K, anticipating a rebound, may feel pressured to take profits as the price approaches this resistance. Such selling could, in turn, slow the price ascent or even trigger a new downturn.

Conversely, if bitcoin successfully breaks through the resistance zone, the fear of missing out could prompt more traders to make bullish bets, further fueling bullish momentum and pushing the price higher.

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