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How a Journalist Went From Exposing Mexican Cartels to Losing His Crypto Life Savings

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On a balmy evening in 2023 on the east coast of Spain, Olivier Acuña sat at his computer to transfer his life savings to another cryptocurrency wallet, as he had done hundreds of times before.

“Sending crypto always induces anxiety,” Acuña told CoinDesk. This rang painfully true that night.

As soon as Acuña hit send, it was over: $400,000 worth of crypto — all his money — was gone, pilfered by an anonymous phishing scammer. A piercing noise rang in Acuña’s ears, his temperature rose and his fists clenched.

Acuña’s loss demonstrates that no one is immune to crypto hacks. He’s a seven-year crypto industry veteran, someone who grasps the need for wariness given the dangers that lurk around blockchains. Before that, he was a journalist for decades, where staying alert was a must as he faced violent drug cartels in Mexico and torture in prison.

And yet he became one of the many victims of crypto scams. In 2023, U.S. officials received 69,000 reports of crypto theft totaling more than $5.6 billion.

Getting that money back can be hard. If your normal bank account gets breached, insurance will almost certainly cover your losses. But there’s no highly regulated system like that in crypto, which is famously and quite intentionally decentralized. While that disintermediation gives crypto users the freedom from institutions that they crave, it’s also a double-edged sword. The omission of gatekeepers can also leave people a single button click away from ruin.

The hack itself was nothing special. Because Acuña couldn’t access his funds on a Ledger hardware device, he reached out to customer support via social media. An impersonator swooped in and, following 30 minutes of deception, Acuña was stuck in the scammer’s web.

“Phishing scams remain incredibly prolific today,” Adrian Hetman, head of triaging at Web3 security researcher Immunefi, told CoinDesk. “Phishing attempts are a growing concern in crypto, as criminals see it as an effective way to steal user funds at scale and apply social engineering for more sophisticated attacks on project infrastructure.”

Acuña was helpless again, this time at the mercy of a blockchain that was once his salvation following a horrendous ordeal of false imprisonment in Mexico.

Working undercover

Acuña began working as a journalist in the 1990s — a career that confronted him with government censorship, false imprisonment and death threats.

His work on organized crime, elections and corruption soon got him noticed by United Press International (UPI) and Reforma, where he began diving deeper into one of the most notorious and violent drug cartels in the world.

He was based in Sinaloa, a state in Mexico that runs down the west coast from Los Mochis to Mazatlán. The fertile, mountainous territory emerged as a hotbed of organized crime, leading to the formation of Joaquín «El Chapo» Guzmán’s infamous Sinaloa Cartel.

Acuña’s coverage of the cartel eventually led to him working independently as a freelance journalist with his work being picked up by the likes of Associated Press and Reuters. This was when his career in Mexico reached a turbulent crescendo.

Authorities caught wind of one of Acuña’s stories on corruption and decided enough was enough. They accused him of hiding a weapon that belonged to the Attorney General’s office. Acuña says he was tortured for 16 hours.

“One day, I was thrown into a vehicle in the most violent manner you can imagine,» he said. «They sent a police commander widely known for torturing people, and they abducted me. For 16 hours they waterboarded me, tied me up, cut off my circulation, folded me backwards. At one point, they told me, ‘Next door we have your family. We will bring them in here one by one and kill them in front of you until you tell us where the gun is.’”

Acuña was subsequently jailed for two years on accusations — which Acuña says were false — that were later dropped. He filed a human rights lawsuit against Mexican authorities.

Crypto salvation, or not

In 2017, Acuña wiped the slate clean of his tortuous past, entering the wonderfully weird world of crypto, enjoying stints as a public relations officer at payments firm Electroneum, a television producer at BloxLive and most recently another public relations role at DePIN company IOTEX.

His tough background prepared him for the crypto industry, which despite growing acceptance by the traditional finance sector, continues to grapple with the Wild West environment of its early days.

While Acuña might not have the most common backstory for those working in crypto, it remains a pertinent reminder that the allure of the crypto industry is not just speculative financial gain: It’s also an industry that checks the power of governments, banks and elites, which appealed to Acuña.

“The first day that I began writing about crypto and blockchain, I said, ‘Here it is, the solution to all of the issues of the lack of freedom of expression. Here it is, the solution to government corruption. Here it is, finally something that I can have faith in and have and do passionately,’” Acuña told CoinDesk.

Despite losing his life savings, Acuña continues to work in the crypto industry — although he warns that it’s a long way away from going mainstream.

“If we ever want mass adoption, this needs to be seamless,” he said. At the moment, the user experience is “anxiety-inducing. Every time I send crypto now, I think, ‘Have I done it wrong? Am I going to lose my money?’ Each and every time.’”

Unless “we get an application where all your crypto is in that same app, and it doesn’t matter what freaking network it is, you can convert it into whatever you want, to convert it and send it, then I just don’t see it” taking off.

This remains a key hurdle for the industry; tech-savvy millennials know how to buy an asset on Ethereum, bridge it to Solana and buy a memecoin on Pump.fun before sending that to an exchange, but the majority of regular people don’t.

“I don’t want to exit crypto, I’m still excited about crypto,» Acuña said. «Will moving money around always be traumatic? Yes. But I love this sector.”

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Crypto Daybook Americas: Bitcoin Reasserts Itself as Stocks, Bonds Fall, Gold Hits Record High

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By James Van Straten (All times ET unless indicated otherwise)

«There are decades where nothing happens; and there are weeks where decades happen.» Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Few quotes better capture the current turbulence in global markets. For decades, the classic portfolio of 60% equities and 40% bonds was considered the cornerstone of balanced investing. This allocation typically offered protection in downturns through bonds, while equities drove returns in times of economic growth.

We saw this play out during crises like 2008 and 2020, when iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT) surged amid global uncertainty. Today, that dynamic has been upended. With persistent geopolitical tension ignited by President Donald Trump’s tariffs, stubborn inflation and slowing growth, Treasury yields have climbed and bond prices fallen. TLT is now down some 50% from its 2020 highs.

The equity side of the portfolio isn’t faring much better. U.S. stocks are underperforming, caught in what some are calling a broader «Sell America» trade. Even the dollar, which typically strengthens in risk-off environments, is weakening as capital flows shift toward the yen and euro.

In this new regime, alternative assets are taking center stage. Gold has surged to $3,500 an ounce for the first time, cementing its role as a haven. To underscore its meteoric rise: the precious metal has added about $6 trillion in market cap this year, triple the market cap of bitcoin (BTC) at its all-time high. Gold ETF inflows, measured over a 90-day rolling period, are approaching 9 million ounces, the biggest surge since 2022 and among the largest in the past decade.

Bitcoin, while lagging behind gold, is also reasserting itself. It has reached new highs in dominance within the crypto market and is beginning to diverge from U.S. tech stocks. It’s increasingly behaving like an uncorrelated asset, valuable in a diversified portfolio. This Friday, $6.7 billion in bitcoin options are set to expire, including $330 million in call options at the $100,000 strike price, setting the stage for a potentially volatile final week of April. Stay alert!

What to Watch

  • Crypto:
    • April 22: The Lyora upgrade goes live on the Injective (INJ) mainnet.
    • April 25, 1 p.m.: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Crypto Task Force Roundtable on «Key Considerations for Crypto Custody«.
    • April 28: Enjin Relaychain increases active validator slots to 25 from 15, to enhance decentralization.
    • April 29, 1:05 a.m.: BNB Chain (BNB) — BSC mainnet hardfork.
    • April 30, 9:30 a.m.: ProShares expects its XRP ETF, offering exposure through futures and swap agreements, to begin trading on NYSE Arca.
    • April 30, 10:03 a.m.: Gnosis Chain (GNO), an Ethereum sister chain, will activate the Pectra hard fork on its mainnet at slot 21,405,696, epoch 1,337,856.
  • Macro
    • Day 2 of 6: World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) spring meetings in Washington.
    • April 22, 8:30 p.m.: Statistics Canada releases March producer price inflation data.
      • PPI MoM Est. 0.3% vs. Prev. 0.4%
      • PPI YoY Prev. 4.9%
    • April 22, 6 p.m.: Fed Governor Adriana D. Kugler will deliver a speech titled «Transmission of Monetary Policy.»
    • April 23, 8 a.m.: Mexico’s National Institute of Statistics and Geography releases retail sales data.
      • Retail Sales MoM Prev. 0.6%
      • Retail Sales YoY Prev. 2.7%
    • April 23, 9:45 a.m.: S&P Global releases (flash) U.S. April purchasing managers’ index (PMI) data.
      • Composite PMI Prev. 53.5
      • Manufacturing PMI Est. 49.4 vs. Prev. 50.2
      • Services PMI Est. 52.8 vs. Prev. 54.4
  • Earnings (Estimates based on FactSet data)
    • April 22: Tesla (TSLA), post-market
    • April 30: Robinhood Markets (HOOD), post-market
    • May 1: Block (XYZ), post-market

Token Events

  • Governance votes & calls
  • Unlocks
    • April 30: Optimism (OP) to unlock 1.89% of its circulating supply worth $21.83 million.
    • May 1: Sui (SUI) to unlock 2.28% of its circulating supply worth $170.93 million.
    • May 1: ZetaChain (ZETA) to unlock 5.67% of its circulating supply worth $10.46 million.
    • May 2: Ethena (ENA) to unlock 0.73% of its circulating supply worth $11.92 million.
    • May 7: Kaspa (KAS) to unlock 0.56% of its circulating supply worth $13 million.
    • May 9: Movement (MOVA) to unlock 2.04% of its circulating supply worth $11.23 million.
  • Token Launches
    • April 22: Hyperlane to airdrop its HYPER tokens.
    • April 22: BNB to be listed on Kraken.
    • April 23: Zora to airdrop its ZORA tokens.
    • April 24: Initia (INIT) to be listed on Binance, CoinW, WEEX, KuCoin, MEXC, and others.

Conferences:

Token Talk

By Shaurya Malwa

  • Pope Francis’ death on Easter Monday triggered significant activity in crypto markets and prediction platforms as traders aimed to capitalize on the news.
  • LUCE, a Solana-based memecoin tied to the Vatican’s Holy Year 2025 mascot, surged 45% in value, reaching $0.013, according to CoinGecko data.
  • Daily trading volume in the token skyrocketed to $60.27 million from $5 million the previous day, despite the price being down 95% from its November peak of 30 cents.
  • Although unaffiliated with the Vatican, LUCE has attracted around 44,800 holders.
  • Meanwhile, a Polymarket bet on who will be the next pope has attracted over $3.5 million in volumes since going live on Dec. 31, with over 18 candidates in the mix.
  • As of Tuesday morning, Pietro Parolin leads odds at 37%, followed by Luis Antonio Tagle at 23% and Matteo Zuppi at 11%.

Derivatives Positioning

  • HBAR, XLM and TRX have seen the most growth in perpetual futures open interest among major tokens in the past 24 hours. However, only TRX has seen a positive cumulative volume delta, implying an influx of new money predominantly on the bullish side.
  • BTC’s open interest in has increased to 695K BTC, the most since March 25. ETH’s open interest held shy of the recent record above 11.9 million ETH.
  • Perpetual funding rates for most major tokens remain marginally positive in a sign of cautiously bullish sentiment.
  • On Deribit, BTC’s short and near-dated calls are now trading at par or a slight premium to puts, another sign of renewed bullishness. ETH puts, however, continue to trade at a premium to calls.
  • Block options flows have been muted on Paradigm, with calendar spreads and April put spreads lifted in BTC and ETH.

Market Movements:

  • BTC is up 1.45% from 4 p.m. ET Monday at $88,539.04 (24hrs: +1.16%)
  • ETH is up 3.43% at $1,628.60 (24hrs: -0.84%)
  • CoinDesk 20 is up 1.49% at 2,544.64 (24hrs: -0.3%)
  • Ether CESR Composite Staking Rate is up 3 bps at 2.98%
  • BTC funding rate is at -0.0058% (-2.1353% annualized) on Binance

CoinDesk 20 members’ performance

  • DXY is up 0.1% at 98.38
  • Gold is up 4.28% at $3,456.97/oz
  • Silver is up 0.5% at $32.57/oz
  • Nikkei 225 closed -0.17% at 34,220.60
  • Hang Seng closed +0.78% at 21,562.32
  • FTSE is up 0.49% at 8,315.81
  • Euro Stoxx 50 is down 0.28% at 4,922.48
  • DJIA closed on Monday -2.48% at 38,170.41
  • S&P 500 closed -2.36% at 5,158.20
  • Nasdaq closed -2.55% at 15,870.90
  • S&P/TSX Composite Index closed -0.76% at 24,008.86
  • S&P 40 Latin America closed unchanged at 2,384.47
  • U.S. 10-year Treasury rate is unchanged at 4.42%
  • E-mini S&P 500 futures are up 0.98% at 5,235.75
  • E-mini Nasdaq-100 futures are up 1.02% at 18,105.00
  • E-mini Dow Jones Industrial Average Index futures are up 0.87% at 38,660.00

Bitcoin Stats:

  • BTC Dominance: 64.39% (-0.09%)
  • Ethereum to bitcoin ratio: 0.01839 (1.88%)
  • Hashrate (seven-day moving average): 840 EH/s
  • Hashprice (spot): $45.0 PH/s
  • Total Fees: 6.56BTC / $572,645
  • CME Futures Open Interest: 139,765 BTC
  • BTC priced in gold: 25.5 oz
  • BTC vs gold market cap: 7.22%

Technical Analysis

Gold's monthly price chart. (TradingView/CoinDesk)

  • If you feel gold’s rally is overstretched or overdone, think again.
  • The ratio between gold’s spot price and its 200-day simple moving average, currently 1.3, is well below highs seen in 2011-2012 when the yellow metal rose to its then-record price of $2,000.
  • The ratio went as high as 5.80 in the 1980.
  • Bitcoin tends to follow gold with a lag of couple of months.

Crypto Equities

  • Strategy (MSTR): closed on Monday at $317.76 +0.18%), up 2.02% at $324.19 in pre-market
  • Coinbase Global (COIN): closed at $175 (-0.02%), up 1% at $176.75
  • Galaxy Digital Holdings (GLXY): closed at C$15.38 (+0.13%)
  • MARA Holdings (MARA): closed at $12.29 (-2.92%), up 2.36% at $12.59
  • Riot Platforms (RIOT): closed at $6.29 (-2.63%), up 2.07% at $6.42
  • Core Scientific (CORZ): closed at $6.39 (-3.62%)
  • CleanSpark (CLSK): closed at $7.47 (-0.53%), up 2.68% at $7.67
  • CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Miners ETF (WGMI): closed at $11.74 (-2.49%)
  • Semler Scientific (SMLR): closed at $29.83 (-8.17%)
  • Exodus Movement (EXOD): closed at $36.59 (+0.03%), unchanged in pre-market

ETF Flows

Spot BTC ETFs:

  • Daily net flow: $381.3 million
  • Cumulative net flows: $35.86 billion
  • Total BTC holdings ~ 1.11 million

Spot ETH ETFs

  • Daily net flow: -$25.4 million
  • Cumulative net flows: $2.24 billion
  • Total ETH holdings ~ 3.30 million

Source: Farside Investors

Overnight Flows

Chart of the Day

Prices for eggs and financial assets, including BTC, since 2024. (Artemis, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)

  • The chart shows the price of eggs in the U.S. has increased by over 200% since 2024, outperforming BTC’s 100% surge. Gold and the S&P 500 have gained 46% and 21%, respectively, over the same period.
  • In other words, asset price growth has failed to compensate holders for the inflation on Main Street.

While You Were Sleeping

In the Ether

The market no longer knows what to believe.There are now 72 #crypto-themed ETFs waiting on #SEC approvalYou guys coming?No Second Best?For context, about 32k tokens were launched on pumpfun yesterday.

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Bitcoin Closing In on Historic Breakout vs Nasdaq

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Bitcoin (BTC) is on the cusp of breaking out relative to the Nasdaq 100 Composite, with the current BTC/Nasdaq ratio sitting at 4.96. This means it now takes nearly five Nasdaq units to match the value of one bitcoin. The previous record of 5.08 was set in January 2025, when bitcoin hit its all-time high of over $109,000.

Historically, each market cycle has seen the ratio reach new highs—2017, 2021, and now 2025—highlighting bitcoin’s continued outperformance against the Nasdaq.

Across multiple timeframes, bitcoin is increasingly diverging from U.S. tech stocks. Year-to-date, bitcoin is down just 6%, compared to the Nasdaq’s 15% decline. Since Donald Trump’s election victory in November 2024, bitcoin has rallied 30%, while the Nasdaq has fallen 12%.

When measured against the «Magnificent Seven» mega-cap tech stocks, bitcoin remains around 20% below its all-time high from February this year. This indicates that while bitcoin has shown strength, the top tech names are holding up better than the broader Nasdaq Composite.

Strategy (MSTR), a well-known proxy for bitcoin exposure, is also holding up better than the U.S tech stocks. Since joining the QQQ ETF on Dec. 23, MSTR is down 11%, while the ETF itself has dropped over 16%. The divergence has become more pronounced in 2025: MSTR is up 6% year-to-date, compared to QQQ’s 15% decline.

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Bitcoin Runs Into Resistance Cluster Above $88K. What Next?

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This is a daily technical analysis by CoinDesk analyst and Chartered Market Technician Omkar Godbole.

Bitcoin’s (BTC) bullish advance has encountered a resistance zone above $88,000, marked by crucial levels that could make or break the ongoing recovery rally.

The resistance cluster’s first and perhaps most critical level is the 200-day simple moving average (SMA) at $88,356. The SMA is widely regarded as a key indicator of long-term momentum. Early this month, Coinbase institutional analysts called the downside break of the 200-day SMA in March a sign of the onset of a potential crypto winter.

So, a fresh move above the 200-day SMA could be taken to represent a renewed bullish shift in momentum.

Such a move would trigger a dual breakout, as the Ichimoku cloud’s upper end is located close to the 200-day SMA. A move above the Ichimoku cloud is also said to reflect a bullish shift in momentum.

Developed by a Japanese journalist in the 1960s, the Ichimoku cloud is a technical analysis indicator that offers a comprehensive view of market momentum, support, and resistance levels. The indicator comprises five lines: Leading Span A, Leading Span B, Conversion Line or Tenkan-Sen (T), Base Line or Kijun-Sen (K) and a lagging closing price line. The difference between Leading Span A and B forms the Ichimoku Cloud.

The third and final level forming the resistance cluster is the high of $88,804 on March 24, from where the market turned lower and fell back to $75,000.

BTC's daily chart. (TradingView/CoinDesk)

A make-or-break resistance zone?

Behavioural aspects of trading come into play when an asset approaches a resistance zone, especially at key levels like the 200-day SMA and the Ichimoku cloud.

Prospect theory suggests that people are typically risk-averse with respect to gains and risk-seeking with respect to losses, known as the “reflection effect.» So, as traders, people tend to be risk-averse while locking in profits and keep losing trades open.

This tendency is amplified when an asset encounters a significant resistance zone. Traders who entered the bitcoin market around $75K, anticipating a rebound, may feel pressured to take profits as the price approaches this resistance. Such selling could, in turn, slow the price ascent or even trigger a new downturn.

Conversely, if bitcoin successfully breaks through the resistance zone, the fear of missing out could prompt more traders to make bullish bets, further fueling bullish momentum and pushing the price higher.

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