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10 Commandments for Federal Securities Laws

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U.S. financial markets have long been burdened with a patchwork of outdated, overly complex, paternalistic rules. Meanwhile, the government’s failure to establish a regulatory regime for digital assets, coupled with its aggressive persecution of the industry, has stifled innovation. Unsurprisingly, the rest of the world surged ahead, leaving the U.S. behind.

Now, under President Trump’s leadership, we stand on the brink of a historic shift. His “largest deregulation campaign in history” and “revolution of common sense,” offers us a rare chance to remove artificial boundaries, retire antiquated philosophies, and rethink our approach to regulating financial markets and digital asset ecosystems. Instead of creating and being bound by reactive regulations designed for past crises and technologies, we can design flexible, forward-looking frameworks that promote innovation.

As I envision these frameworks, I’m reminded of wisdom shared by Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Harvey Pitt (2001-2003), a lion of the securities bar, who proposed a simple yet profound solution to improve U.S. equity markets: develop guiding principles for our markets to embody. Chairman Pitt likened these to God’s Ten Commandments — clear principles to govern conduct with the industry tasked to meet them.

Too often, regulators and market participants get bogged down in the minutiae of prescriptive laws and miss their core intent. While norms, standards and rules have their place, the “ten commandments” proposed here provide a strong foundation for future frameworks. The key is to first understand the purpose of the federal securities laws.

At their core, these laws govern transactions involving securities — whether shares of a company, loan promises, or investment stakes. When people entrust you with their money, you owe them specific duties. The securities laws are primarily a disclosure regime designed to ensure fair and transparent exchanges that give investors the information they need to assess the risks and rewards of their investments.

Read more: Trump Said to Consider Crypto Lawyer Teresa Goody Guillén to Lead SEC

These laws emerged after the 1929 stock market crash, which was fueled by unethical practices such as insider trading and stock manipulation, and exacerbated by information asymmetry between buyers and sellers of securities. The Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 were enacted to prevent these abuses and to facilitate companies obtain capital, protect investors who invest their capital, and ensure markets are fair and efficient, while minimizing burdens on honest business activities.

Despite good intentions, these laws have become overly complex, stifling competition and limiting investor freedom. To reimagine financial market regulation, particularly in light of emerging technologies and digital assets subject to the securities laws, we must return to the principles that shaped these laws —principles that promote fairness while minimizing burdens on honest businesses.

Based on Chairman Pitt’s vision, I distilled the core values for market participants into the following ten commandments for a trustworthy market:

Thou shalt disclose material information. Full and fair disclosure is the crux of the securities laws. Issuers must provide truthful, complete, and nondeceptive material information to investors so they can make informed financial decisions. Concealing or misrepresenting critical information that impacts profit expectations undermines trust and market integrity.

Thou shalt not deceive or manipulate. Fraud and market manipulation distort securities’ true value, harming investors and the market. Preventing deceptive practices helps ensure fairness.

Thou shalt not trade on material nonpublic information. Insider trading gives an unfair advantage to those with access to confidential information. This ensures a fair playing field for all market participants.

Thou shalt tell the truth about your financial health. Financial statements must be accurate and transparent, reflecting a company’s true financial condition, so investors can accurately assess risks and make informed financial decisions.

Thou shalt treat all investors equally. All investors must have equal access to material information and opportunities. This ensures fairness and prevents insider advantages and discriminatory practices.

Thou shalt reveal the risks involved. Investors must be informed of the risks associated with their investments so they can make choices aligned with their financial goals and risk tolerance.

Thou shalt act in accordance with your duties to others. Market participants who owe obligations of trust and responsibility, such as financial professionals and corporate directors, must act in the interests of their clients and shareholders, not for their own personal gain.

Thou shalt strive to avoid conflicts of interest, but if some are unavoidable, thou shalt disclose them. Market participants should avoid or minimize conflicts of interest, but if unavoidable, conflicts must be disclosed. Transparency allows investors to make decisions with an understanding of potential biases and preserves trust.

Thou shalt ensure fair and transparent markets. Markets must operate on the basis of true supply and demand, free from artificial distortions. This promotes trust and fair pricing.

Thou shalt promote efficient and orderly markets. Markets must operate smoothly, with transparent pricing and equal access for all participants. This fosters market stability and investor trust.

By focusing on these core principles, we can create adaptable regulatory frameworks that keep pace with technological advancements and avoid the constraints of outdated laws. This is the time for a seismic shift in financial regulation toward an approach that anticipates future markets and innovations. We can build a future-proof financial system that benefits everyone by ensuring clarity, fairness, and order while fostering innovation.

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Riot Platforms Hits Post-Halving Bitcoin Production High as It Expands AI Capacity

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Riot Platforms (RIOT) reported strong operational performance in March 2025, highlighted by continued expansion into the artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC) sector.

The company’s bitcoin (BTC) production last month rose to 533 BTC, the most since the reward halving almost a year ago. The figure represents a month-on-month increase of 13% and 25% more than a year before. Bitcoin holdings grew to 19,223 BTC.

Riot said it plans to «aggressively pursue» development of its Corsicana facility to capitalize on rising demand for compute infrastructure used in AI and HPC.

A recently completed feasibility study by industry consultant Altman Solon confirmed the significant potential of the site to support up to 600 megawatts of additional capacity for AI/HPC applications. Key advantages include 1.0 gigawatt of secured power, 400 MW of which is already operational, 265 acres of land with substantial development potential and close proximity to Dallas — a major hub for AI and cloud computing.

The study noted the site’s ability to support both inference and cloud-based workloads, strengthening its appeal to AI/HPC tenants.

Riot maintained a steady deployed hash rate of 33.7 EH/s, while its average operating hash rate grew 3% month-over-month to 30.3 EH/s—representing a 254% increase year-over-year. Although power credits declined due to seasonal factors, Riot kept its all-in power cost low at 3.8 cents per kWh, and improved fleet efficiency to 21.0 J/TH, a 22% improvement from the previous year.

Riot’s shares fell 5.5% Friday, while the Nasdaq 100 index dropped 2.8%. They have lost 35% year-to-date.

Disclaimer: This article was generated with AI tools and reviewed by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and adherence to our standards. For more information, see CoinDesk’s full AI Policy. This article may include information from external sources, which are listed below when applicable.

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A Blueprint for Digital Assets in America

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In 2008, an anonymous person or group of people known only as “Satoshi Nakamoto” released a now-seminal document, the Bitcoin White paper, introducing a peer-to-peer system for value of exchange without intermediaries.

With this revolutionary concept, the idea of a “digital asset” was born. Soon after, developers and entrepreneurs expanded on this concept, developing systems where value was exchanged not just for its own sake, but for services and digital products.

Over the past decade, innovators have built permissionless, decentralized networks for computing services, file storage, asset exchange, cellular coverage, Wi-Fi connectivity, mapping tools, lending services, and more. Because digital assets can be used for services that anyone can offer and anyone can access, the use-cases – both financial and non-financial – are potentially endless.

Despite this promise, these networks have courted criticism. The Biden-Harris Administration attempted to block this innovative advance through a relentless campaign of lawsuits and enforcement actions without providing the regulatory clarity the digital asset ecosystem and its innovators and users so desperately needed.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) failed to clarify how existing securities laws apply and — more importantly — don’t apply to digital asset transactions. This lack of regulatory clarity stifled the digital asset ecosystem, pushing growth out of the United States to jurisdictions that have established clear rules of the road.

To address these failures, Congress began exploring ways to modernize the regulatory structure to accommodate the unique characteristics of digital assets and how they could be used in our financial system. These efforts culminated in a series of bills aimed at clarifying how digital assets could be used in the financial system, ensuring investor protection and fostering innovation.

In the 118th Congress, the House Committees on Financial Services and Agriculture launched a historic joint effort to address digital asset regulation. This led to the first-ever passage of bipartisan digital asset market structure legislation in a chamber of Congress. This collaboration enabled Congress to address longstanding challenges in the ecosystem and lay the foundation for a fit for purpose framework under the leadership of President Trump.

This Congress, both the House and Senate are committed to creating a clear path forward for the digital asset ecosystem. As we move ahead, it is crucial that the framework is both balanced and iron-clad for the future. To accomplish this, we have set out principles for digital asset legislation.

Six principles

First, legislation must promote innovation. We seek to protect opportunities for innovators to create and utilize digital assets, while ensuring users can lawfully transact with one another.

Second, legislation must provide clarity for the classification of assets. Users of digital assets should clearly understand the nature of their holdings, including whether they qualify as securities or non-securities.

Third, legislation must codify a framework for the issuance of new digital assets. The framework should permit issuers to raise capital through the sale of new digital assets under the jurisdiction of the SEC. It should protect retail investors and require developers to disclose relevant information to help users understand the unique characteristics of digital asset networks.

Fourth, the legislation must establish the regulation of spot market exchanges and intermediaries. Centralized, custodial exchanges and intermediaries facilitating transactions with non-security digital assets should adhere to similar requirements as other financial firms.

Congress should provide the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) with the authority to impose requirements over these entities necessary to protect customers, limit conflicts of interest, ensure appropriate execution of customer orders, and provide disclosures.

Fifth, the legislation must establish best practices for the protection of customer assets. Entities registered with the SEC or CFTC should be required to segregate customer funds and hold them with qualified custodians. Customer funds should also be protected during bankruptcy.

Sixth, and finally, the legislation must protect innovative decentralized projects and activities. Congress should ensure that decentralized protocols, which pose different risks and benefits, are not subject to regulations designed for centralized, custodial firms. In safeguarding decentralized activities, Congress must also protect an individual’s right to self-custody their digital assets.

We look forward to both Committees continuing our legislative work together to fulfill President Trump’s request to make America the “crypto capital of the planet.” In May, our Committees will host our second joint hearing to discuss digital asset market structure legislation.

Our goal is to bring much-needed regulatory clarity to this rapidly evolving industry, ensuring that America continues to lead in shaping the future of digital finance.

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OKX Fined $1.2M by Malta for Breaching Money Laundering Rules

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OKX’s Europe company—also known as OKCoin Europe, a subsidiary of crypto exchange OKX—was fined 1.05 million euros ($1.2 million) by Malta’s financial watchdog on Thursday for breaching the country’s money laundering rules.

The Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit (FIAU) said the company failed to assess the money laundering and financing of terrorism risks emanating from the products it offers and had violated parts of the country’s Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Regulations.

«Regulatory compliance is a top priority for OKX, and we remain committed to meeting and exceeding global regulatory standards,» OKX said in a statement.

The company also said it had addressed gaps identified in its compliance framework following the authority’s 2023 review. In the new notice, FIAU also commended the company on making significant improvements over the past 18 months.

OKX secured the coveted Markets in Crypto Assets license (MiCA) from Malta earlier this year, which will enable it to offer crypto services across the European Union.

«The company was expected to assess the nature of risks prevalent in the services it was offering,» the authority said in its notice.

FIAU said the exchange should assess risks tied to the use of stablecoins, mixers that obscure the origins of transactions, privacy coins, tokens designed for anonymity, and tokens on decentralized exchanges.

OKX recently temporarily suspended its decentralized exchange aggregator following reports that European regulators had been looking at how it had been used to launder funds from a recent hack of the Bybit exchange.

Bloomberg first reported the story.

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